219 B.C. Olympiad 140.2Click on the links in the lists of references to go to the sources for each event
| 1 | SPA << A Roman embassy to Hannibal at Carthago Nova.
@ ~Polyb_3.15'1-13; {CAH_8'34.} |
|---|---|
| 2 | The Torboletes complain that they have been attacked by Saguntum, and Hannibal sends their envoys to Carthage for a decision.
* Read Appian's account @ ~Polyb_3.15'8; ~Appian:Hisp_10'a-b,* :Hann_3'c. |
| 3 | ROM An embassy from Saguntum at Rome.
* Read Livy's account @ Liv_21.6'1-4,* 28.39'8; ~Appian:Hisp_10'b; Zonar_8.21'f. |
| 4 | EGY << Ptolemaeus puts Cleomenes under house arrest, at the instigation of Sosibius.
* Read Polybius' account @ Polyb_5.35'1-38'7;* Plut:Cleom_34'1-35'7, :Mor_53'E; Paus_2.9'3; {After the murder of Berenice.} |
| 5 | ?? Cleomenes fails to enjoy the entertainment at a banquet in Egypt, because he is thinking of his homeland.
@ Plut:Mor_961'A-B. |
| 6 | Cleomenes is killed while attempting to escape.
* Read Plutarch's account @ Polyb_5.38'8-39'6, 15.25'2, 18.53'2-3; Plut:Cleom_36'1-39'6;* Paus_2.9'3, 3.6'9; Just_28.4'11; Trog:Prol_28; Suda_K'1723; {CAH_7.1'476; OCD_c.} |
| 7 | SPA {? March} Hannibal starts to besiege Saguntum.
* Read Livy's account @ Polyb_3.6'1-2, 8'6-7, +17'1-9; ~Liv_21.7'1-9,* 18'2-7; Silius_1'35-69,L '271-326;L Flor_1.22'3-4,L '6;L ~Appian:Hisp_10'b-c; +Eutrop_3.7'2; August:DeCiv_3.20'a-b; Oros_4.14'1;L Zonar_8.21'c-d, 'i; {CAH_8'35; Green_296.} |
| 8 | ROM The consuls set out for Illyria.
* Read Polybius' account @ +Polyb_3.16'1-7,* 4.37'4; Appian:Ill_8'b; DioCass_fr.53'1; +Zonar_8.20'j; {CAH_8'45, '93.} |
| 9 | SPA Hannibal is wounded at Saguntum.
* Read Livy's account @ ~Liv_21.7'10-8'4;* Silius_1'535-555;L Zonar_8.32'i. |
| 10 | PEL Lycurgus is appointed king of Sparta.
* Read Polybius' account @ Polyb_4.2'9, ~35'8-15,* 81'1; Just_29.1'6; {CAH_7.1'476; Green_286.} |
| 11 | The Spartans declare war on the Achaean League.
@ +Polyb_4.36'1-9; {CAH_7.1'476; Green_702.} |
| 12 | SYR Antiochus captures Seleuceia in Pieria.
* Read Polybius' account @ +Polyb_5.58'1-61'2;* Porph:Fr_44; {CAH_7.1'435; OCD_s.} |
| 13 | PEL {? May} Aratus, the son of Aratus, becomes General of the Achaean League.
* Read Polybius' account @ +Polyb_4.37'1-3,* '6-7. |
| 14 | CAP ?? Ariarathes III gains control of Cataonia.
@ Strab_12.534'a.(1.2) |
| 15 | << The accession of Ariarathes IV of Cappadocia.
* Read Polybius' account @ Polyb_4.2'8;* Diod_31.19'6; Just_29.1'4; {OCD_a.} |
| 16 | CRE << Document: SIG_528, a decree of Cnossus thanking Cos for the services of the doctor Hermias.
@ Austin_124. |
| 17 | ROM The senate votes to send an embassy to Saguntum.
* Read Livy's account @ Cic:Phil_5'27, 6'6; Liv_21.6'5-8,* 31.7'3; Silius_1'556-694;L Flor_1.22'5;L ~Appian:Hisp_11'a; Zonar_8.21'f. |
| 18 | SPA Hannibal breaches a wall at Saguntum.
* Read Livy's account @ ~Liv_21.8'5-9'2;* Silius_1'327-534,L 5'322-323;L Zonar_8.21'h. |
| 19 | ILL The Romans capture Dimale.
* Read Polybius' account @ +Polyb_3.18'1-7;* +Zonar_8.20'j; {CAH_8'93.} |
| 20 | The Romans capture Pharus.
* Read Polybius' account @ +Polyb_3.18'8-19'12,* 4.66'4, 32.13'6; Liv_22.33'3; Appian:Ill_8'b; Just_29.2'6; +Zonar_8.20'j-k; {CAH_8'93; Green_296.} |
| 21 | ++ The achievements of Paullus in the war against the Illyrians.
* Read Polybius' account @ Polyb_3.107'8;* Silius_8'289-290,L 10'508-509;L Just_29.2'1; {OCD_p.} |
| 22 | Peace treaty between the Romans and the Illyrians: the end of the Second Illyrian War.
* Read Polybius' account @ Polyb_4.16'6;* [Liv]:Per_20'b; Appian:Ill_8'b; {CAH_8'93.} |
| 23 | PEL Aetolian raids on Aegeira and Dyme.
* Read Polybius' account @ +Polyb_4.57'1-60'10,* 83'1; {CAH_7.1'476.} |
| 24 | EPI Philippus begins the siege of Ambracus.
* Read Polybius' account @ +Polyb_4.61'1-8,* 63'2; {CAH_7.1'478.} |
| 25 | MAC The Aetolians sack Dium.
* Read Polybius' account @ +Polyb_4.62'1-5,* 5.9'2, '5-6, 11'2, '8; {CAH_7.1'477.} |
| 26 | SYR {? August} Theodotus, the governor of Coele Syria, deserts to Antiochus.
* Read Polybius' account @ +Polyb_4.37'5, 5.40'1-3, +61'3-62'6,* 67'9; !Lucian:Cal_2; Just_30.1'4; Porph:Fr_44; Suda_P'3039; {CAH_7.1'436.} |
| 27 | SPA Hannibal refuses to receive a Roman embassy.
* Read Livy's account @ ~Liv_21.9'3-4;* Silius_2'1-35;L ~Appian:Hisp_11'a; +Eutrop_3.7'3; August:DeCiv_3.20'a; ~Oros_4.14'2;L Zonar_8.21'f-g. |
| 28 | Hannibal subdues two rebellious tribes, the Oretani and Carpetani.
* Read Livy's account @ ~Liv_21.11'3-12'3;* Silius_2'391-456;L Zonar_8.21'f; {CAH_8'36.} |
| 29 | A battle at Saguntum after the departure of the Roman embassy.
@ ~Silius_2'36-269,L 3'299.L |
| 30 | ROM The triumph of the Roman consuls, over the Illyrians.
* Read Polybius' account @ +Polyb_3.19'12-13,* 4.66'8; [Vict]:VirIll_50'1.L |
| 31 | EPI Philippus captures Ambracus.
@ +Polyb_4.63'1-6; {CAH_7.1'477.} |
| 32 | GRE Philippus invades Aetolia.
@ +Polyb_4.63'7-66'7; {CAH_7.1'477; Green_702.} |
| 33 | AFR A Roman embassy at Carthage.
* Read Livy's account @ Liv_21.10'1-11'2,* 18'4-7, 44'4, 22.14'7; ~Appian:Hisp_11'a-b; August:DeCiv_3.20'a; Zonar_8.21'g; {Green_702.} |
| 34 | EPI {? October} Dorimachus, the new general of the Aetolian League, leads a raid on Dodona.
* Read Polybius' account @ +Polyb_4.67'1-5,* 5.9'2, 11'2, '8; Diod_26.7'1; {CAH_7.1'477.} |
| 35 | EGY The Egyptians prepare their army for war against Antiochus.
@ +Polyb_5.62'7-65'11. |
| 36 | SPA Unsuccessful peace negotiations at Saguntum.
@ ~Liv_21.12'3-13'9. |
| 37 | A son is born to Hannibal.
@ Silius_3'66;L {This son is not mentioned elsewhere and is without doubt unhistorical.} |
| 38 | {? November} Hannibal captures Saguntum.
* Read Livy's account @ Polyb_3.16'5, +17'9-11; Diod_25.15'1; ~Liv_21.14'2-15'3,* 19'9-10, 24.42'9, 31.7'6; ValMax_6.6e'1;L Petron:Sat_141'c; Plin:HN_16'216;L Frontin:Str_3.10'4; Silius_2'457-3'2;L Flor_1.22'6,L '8-9;L ~Appian:Hisp_12'a-c, :Hann_3'c; [Vict]:VirIll_42'2;L +Eutrop_3.7'3; August:DeCiv_3.20'b-c, 22.6'l; Oros_4.14'1;L Zonar_8.21'h-j; {CAH_8'36; OCD_h.} |
| 39 | Hannibal "re-founds" Saguntum.
* Read Appian's account @ ~Appian:Hisp_12'c,* 75'b. |
| 40 | PEL Philippus defeats Euripidas and the Eleans near Stymphalus.
@ Polyb_4.67'6-69'9; {CAH_7.1'477.} |
| 41 | ROM ++ The slightly dissolute early life of Scipio Africanus.
* Read Gellius' account @ Gell_7.8'5<q"* Naev:Fr_1-3>; ValMax_6.9'2.L |
| 42 | >> Archagathus is the first doctor to set up a practice at Rome, after moving there from the Peloponnese.
@ +Plin:HN_29'12-13.L |
| 43 | >> Omens presaging the start of the Punic War, including a talking ox.
* Read Zonaras' account @ ValMax_1.6'5;L Plin:HN_7'35;L ~Zonar_8.22'f-g.* |
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