281 B.C. Olympiad 124.4Click on the links in the lists of references to go to the sources for each event
| 1 | THR ?? Onesicritus recites his histories to Lysimachus.
@ Plut:Alex_46'4. |
|---|---|
| 2 | ?? Menedemus is sent as an ambassador to Lysimachus.
@ DiogLaert_2'140.(M.16) |
| 3 | ?? Demochares is sent as an ambassador to Lysimachus.
@ Plut:Mor_851'E. |
| 4 | ?? Sotades attacks both Lysimachus and Ptolemaeus Philadelphus.
@ Athen_14.620'f. |
| 5 | ASI ?? Lysimachus builds or refounds cities at Nicaea, Alexandria, Ephesus, and Smyrna.
* Read Strabo's account @ Strab_12.565'e,(4.7) 13.593'd-e,* (1.26) 597'a,(1.33) 607'c,(1.52) 14.640'c,(1.21) 646'b;(1.37) Frontin:Str_3.3'7; Paus_1.9'7, 7.3'4-5; Polyaen_5.19'1. |
| 6 | PON ?? Lysimachus destroys the city of Astacus.
@ Strab_12.563'd.(4.2) |
| 7 | ASI ?? Lysimachus attempts to tax salt which is collected at Tagasae.
@ Athen_3.73'd<q" Phylarch_65>. |
| 8 | THR ?? Lysimachus banishes all philosophers from his kingdom.
@ Athen_13.610'e. |
| 9 | Lysimachus punishes Telesphorus for an insult against Arsinoe.
* Read Athenaeus' account @ Sen:Dial_5.17'2-4;L Plut:Mor_534'E; Athen_14.616'c-d.* |
| 10 | ?? Lysimachus carefully fortifies his camp after being forced to stop in an exposed position.
@ Frontin:Str_1.5'11. |
| 11 | ?? Lysimachus discovers a new herb with a pungent smell.
@ Plin:HN_25'72.L |
| 12 | ?? Sayings of Bithys, Pasiades, and Philippides, addressed to Lysimachus.
* Read Plutarch's account @ Plut:Mor_183'E, 338'A-B,* 508'C, 517'B, 633'B;(Q2.1) Athen_6.246'e. |
| 13 | ++ Territory controlled by Lysimachus.
* Read Livy's account @ Liv_33.40'6;* Strab_7.319'c.(6.1) |
| 14 | ASI {February} Lysimachus is defeated and killed by Seleucus at the battle of Corupedium, after which Arsinoe escapes from Ephesus.
* Read Appian's account @ HierCard_10; Polyb_18.51'4; Nepos_21.3'2; Liv_34.58'5; Strab_13.623'e;(4.1) Plin:HN_8'143;L Memn_5'7; Plut:Mor_970'C; Phlegon:Fr_9; Appian:Syr_62'a, 64'b-c;* Paus_1.10'5; Polyaen_8.57'1; Lucian:Macr_11; ~Just_17.2'1-3; Trog:Prol_17; +[Euseb]:Chron_233'c-235'a; Oros_3.23'60-62;L {CAH_7.1'113; OCD_l.} |
| 15 | ROM {5 March -R} The triumph of Fabricius, over the Samnites, Lucanians, and Bruttii.
@ #FastTr_p97. |
| 16 | EPI << Pyrrhus regains control of Corcyra, with help from Tarentum.
* Read Pausanias' account @ Paus_1.12'1;* Just_25.4'8; {CAH_7.2'458, '462.} |
| 17 | SIC << Phintias moves the inhabitants of Gela to a new city called Phintias, but his cruelty causes his subjects to revolt against him.
@ ~Diod_22.2'2-4; {OCD_g.} |
| 18 | CAP Diodorus the general of Seleucus is heavily defeated.
@ ~Trog:Prol_17. |
| 19 | ASI Seleucus captures Sardis.
@ Polyaen_4.9'4. |
| 20 | PON The inhabitants of Heracleia arrest Heracleides, their previous governor, but Seleucus threatens to attack them.
@ ~Memn_6'1-7'4. |
| 21 | THR ?? Cambaules leads a band of Gauls in a raid into Thrace.
@ Paus_10.19'5; {At some unspecified time before the Gauls' invasion of Greece in 279 B.C.} |
| 22 | ITA The Tarentines attack Thurii.
* Read Strabo's account @ Strab_6.263'e;* (1.13) ~Appian:Sam_7'2;(15) {CAH_7.2'457.} |
| 23 | The Tarentines reject and insult a Roman embassy.
* Read Dionysius' account @ Polyb_1.6'5; DionHal_19.4'2-5'5;* ~[Liv]:Per_12'a; ValMax_2.2'5;L Flor_1.13'5;L Appian:Sam_7'3-6;(16) DioCass_fr.39'6-9; Julian:Mis_355'C-D; Eutrop_2.11'1; +Oros_4.1'2;L ~Zonar_8.2'c-d; {CAH_7.2'457.} |
| 24 | AEG The inhabitants of Lemnos erect temples in honour of Seleucus and Antiochus.
@ ~Athen_6.254'f-255'a. |
| 25 | ASI Document: Bagnall_15, a letter from Seleucus to Sopater, concerning the city of Athymbria. |
| 26 | SYR << Seleucus enters into a treaty of friendship with Ptolemaeus (II ?).
@ Paus_1.7'3. |
| 27 | ?? Seleucus returns to the Greeks the statues etc. which were removed by the Persians.
* Read Gellius' account @ ValMax_2.10e'1;L Plin:HN_34'70<x>;L Paus_1.16'3, 3.16'8, 8.46'3; Gell_7.17'2.* |
| 28 | ?? Seleucus founds numerous cities throughout his kingdom, including Beroea, Cyrrhus, Dura, Ecbatana, Edessa, Hierapolis, Nicephorium, Nicopolis, Nisibis, Pella, Rhagae, and Seleuceia-on-Calycadnus.
* Read Appian's account @ Apollod:Fr_286; IsidChar_2'e; Strab_11.524'e,(13.6) 14.670'b;(5.4) Plin:HN_6'43;L Appian:Syr_57'b-d;* IG_14.1374'5-6<t= Sherk2_131>; Aelian:NA_12'2; PausDam_3; Hieron:Chron_1715; AmmMarc_14.8'2,L '5-6;L Malal_203-204. |
| 29 | PER ?? Seiles massacres 3000 Persian rebels.
@ Polyaen_7.39'1. |
| 30 | EXT ?? Seleucus unsuccessfully attempts to transplant Indian perfume trees.
@ Plin:HN_16'135.L |
| 31 | ?? Seleucus plans a canal between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea.
@ Plin:HN_6'31.L |
| 32 | ?? The explorations of Demodamas, along the river Jaxartes and in India.
@ Plin:HN_6'49,L '63.L |
| 33 | SYR ?? Seleucus maintains a herd of elephants near Apameia.
* Read Strabo's account @ Strab_16.752'c;* (2.10) Aelian:NA_9'58. |
| 34 | ++ General remarks on the reign of Seleucus.
* Read Athenaeus' account @ Plut:Mor_790'A; Arrian:Anab_7.22'5; Athen_6.244'f;* Malal_198. |
| 35 | THR {month6 -B = August/September} Ptolemaeus Ceraunus assassinates Seleucus and makes himself king of Macedonia.
* Read Appian's account @ BabylChron_9'R1-7, #BM.35603'O8-10; Polyb_2.41'1; Nepos_21.3'4; Strab_13.623'e;(4.1) Memn_8'1-3; Appian:Syr_62'a-63'c,* 64'c-65'a; Paus_1.16'2; Just_17.2'4-5; Trog:Prol_17; +[Euseb]:Chron_235'a-b, 'd, 243'a, 249'b; Hieron:Chron_1735, 1737; Oros_3.23'63-68;L {CAH_7.1'113; OCD_s.} |
| 36 | The funeral of Seleucus.
* Read Appian's account @ Appian:Syr_63'c;* Malal_204. |
| 37 | ROM The Roman senate declares war on Tarentum.
@ DionHal_19.6'1-3. |
| 38 | ITA Aemilius leaves Samnium and moves against Tarentum.
* Read Zonaras' account @ Ennius:Ann_180; DionHal_19.7'2; ~[Liv]:Per_12'a; Appian:Sam_7'7;(17) +Oros_4.1'3-4;L ~Zonar_8.2'd-f;* {CAH_7.2'457.} |
| 39 | The Tarentines call on Pyrrhus to protect them against the Romans; Pyrrhus is encouraged to go by an oracle from Delphi.
* Read Plutarch's account @ Polyb_1.6'5-6, 8.24'1; Cic:Div_2'116;L Diod_21.21'1-15; ~DionHal_19.8'1-3; ~Plut:Pyrrh_13'3-14'14;* Flor_1.13'6;L Appian:Sam_7'8;(17) Paus_1.12'1-2; MinFel:Oct_26'6; DioCass_fr.39'10, 40'3-6; Just_17.3'22-18.1'2; [Vict]:VirIll_35'1-3;L August:DeCiv_3.17'm-n; ~Oros_4.1'5;L ~Zonar_8.2'd-e, 'f-h; {CAH_7.2'666; Green_228.} |
| 40 | MAC Ptolemaeus Ceraunus attempts to win the support of other kings.
* Read Justin's account @ ~Just_17.2'9-10;* Trog:Prol_17. |
| 41 | EPI Pyrrhus makes an alliance with Ptolemaeus Ceraunus and gets help from Macedonia for his expedition to Italy.
* Read Justin's account @ ~Just_17.2'11-15;* Trog:Prol_17; {CAH_7.2'462-463.} |
| 42 | EGY Ptolemaeus II frees Jewish slaves.
* Read Josephus' account @ Aristeas_12-27; Joseph:AJ_12'17-33;* ChronPasc_425'A; +Hieron:Chron_1736; August:DeCiv_18.42'b, 45'd. |
| 43 | GRE ?? Sayings of Gnathaena, an Athenian hetaera, addressed to Andronicus, Callistion, Chaerephon, Dexithea, Diphilus, Hippomachus, Mania, Pausanias, Stratocles, and others.
* Read Athenaeus' account @ Athen_13.578'e, 579'e-581'c,* 583'a, 'e-f, 584'b-585'b; {Gnathaena was a contemporary of the poet Diphilus, and lived to be an old woman (see Ath_13.580'c).} |
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