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280 B.C. Olympiad 125.1


Consuls: P. Valerius Laevinus, Ti. Coruncanius Ti.f.
Athenian archon: (?) Telocles
Olympic victor in the stadion race: Ladas of Aegium

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    Click on the links in the lists of references to go to the sources for each event

1 EGY {Hathyr -E = January} Document: AET_8.6, honours for a wool-trader in Naucratis.
2 ROM {1 April -R} The triumph of Marcius, over the Etruscans.
@  #FastTr_p98.
3 EGY << Ptolemy II authorises the translation of the Jewish Bible into Greek, and sends gifts to the high priest Eleazar.
* Read Aristeas' account
@  Aristeas_28-120;*  Joseph:AJ_12'34-84; Euseb:HistEc_5.8'11<q" Irenaeus>; Tert:Apol_18'5-6; +Hieron:Chron_1736; August:DeCiv_8'11,(↓)  18'42; Syncell_325; Tzetz:ProlCom_21.
4 Eleazar sends seventy Jewish scholars to assist Ptolemy, who holds a banquet in their honour.
* Read Aristeas' account
@  Aristeas_121-300;*  Joseph:AJ_12'85-102; Euseb:HistEc_5.8'12<q" Irenaeus>; Tert:Apol_18'7; ClemAl:Strom_1'22; August:DeCiv_18'42,(↓)  '43.
5 GRE {29 Thargelion -G = June} Document: IG_2³.883, an Athenian decree in honour of the people of Tenos.
6 ITA Pyrrhus sends Cineas ahead to Tarentum.
* Read Plutarch's account
@  ~Plut:Pyrrh_15'1;*  Zonar_8'2.(p303-7) 
7 EPI Pyrrhus sets sail for Italy.
* Read Plutarch's account
@  Ennius:Ann_177; ~Plut:Pyrrh_15'2-7;*  Just_18.1'3; +Zonar_8'2.(p309-13) 
8 ITA Pyrrhus arrives in Italy, bringing elephants to back up his army.
* Read Plutarch's account
@  Polyb_2.41'11; Liv_31.3'6; ~[Liv]:Per_12; Plin:HN_8'16; ~Plut:Pyrrh_15'8-16'3;*  Appian:Sam_8'1-3;(18)  Paus_1.12'2; Gell_17.21'37; Just_18.1'3; ~Oros_4.1'5-6; +Zonar_8'2;(p313-7)  { CAH_7.2'466; Green_230.}
9 ITA The Samnites join Pyrrhus.
* Read Livy's account
@  Liv_23.42'2,*  '6, 31.7'11.
10 Pyrrhus offers to negotiate with the Romans.
* Read Dionysius' account
@  DionHal_19.9'1-10'5;*  ~Plut:Pyrrh_16'4-5; DioCass_fr.40'13; +Zonar_8'3;(p317-9)  { CAH_7.2'467-468.}
11 ETR Coruncanius leads an army against the Etruscans.
* Read Livy's account
@  ~[Liv]:Per_13;*  +Zonar_8'4.(p331) 
13 ITA Pyrrhus defeats the Romans at the battle of Heracleia.
* Read Plutarch's account
@  Syll_392; Ennius:Ann_181-185; ~Diod_22.6'1-2; DionHal_19.11'1-12'6; ~[Liv]:Per_13; Frontin:Str_2.4'9, '13, 4.1'24, 7'7; ~Plut:Pyrrh_16'6-18'2,*  :Flam_5'6, :Mor_194'F; Flor_1.13'7-8, '14-18; Appian:Sam_10'1;(22)  Paus_1.12'2-3; DioCass_fr.40'14-19; Just_18.1'4-7; [Vict]:VirIll_35'3-5; Eutrop_2.11'2-3; ~Oros_4.1'8-18; +Zonar_8'3;(p323-7)  { CAH_7.2'468; OCD³.}
14 Locri and other places desert from the Romans.
* Read Dio's account
@  Liv_35.14'9; DioCass_fr.40'21-22;*  ~Just_18.1'8-9; +Zonar_8'3;(p327)  { CAH_7.2'469.}
15 Ti.Coruncanius arrives with Roman reinforcements.
* Read Plutarch's account
@  ~Plut:Pyrrh_18'1-3;*  Flor_1.13'19; Appian:Sam_10'8;(24)  DioCass_fr.40'28; [Vict]:VirIll_35'7; +Zonar_8'4.(p331) 
16 ROM {10 July -R} The triumph of Aemilius, over Tarentum and the Samnites and Sallentini.
@  #FastTr_p98.
17 MAC Ptolemy Ceraunus defeats Antigonus the son of Demetrius.
* Read Memnon's account
@  Memn_8'4-6;*  ~Just_24.1'1, '8; { CAH_7.1'114; Errington_p80.}
18 SIC << Hicetas of Syracuse defeats Phintias of Acragas.
@  ~Diod_22.2'1.
19 EGY The Jewish Bible is translated into Greek (the "Septuagint").
* Read Aristeas' account
@  Aristeas_301-322;*  Joseph:AJ_12'103-118; Tert:Apol_18'8; ClemAl:Strom_1'22; Euseb:HistEc_5.8'13-14<q" Irenaeus>, 7.32'16<q" Anatolius>; Porph:Fr_42; [Euseb]:Chron_79, 127;(↓)  ChronPasc_425'A-B; +Hieron:Chron_1736; August:DeCiv_8'11, 15'13, 18'42,(↓)  '43; Malal_196; ExcBarb_35B; { ~ OCD³; Green_697?250.}
20 AEG ?? The historian Duris establishes himself as tyrant of Samos.
* Read Athenaeus' account
@  Athen_8.337'd;*  Suda_L'776; { In the period before Samos came under the control of Ptolemy.}
21 ?? Dedications made by Ptolemy, Polycleitus, Philocles, Iomilcus, and Xenophantus at the temple of Apollo on Delos.
@  BD_130'C.
22 PEL The founding of the Achaean League.
* Read Polybius' account
@  ~Polyb_2.39'11-41'12,*  43'1, 4.1'5-7; Strab_8'384,(7.1)  '385;(7.3)  Paus_7.7'1-2; { CAH_7.1'244; Errington_p86.}
23 GRE Heracleia-ad-Oetam joins the Aetolian League.
@  +Paus_10.20'9; { ~CAH_7.1'234.}
24 << Epicurus' friend Metrodorus assists Mithres, a former minister of Lysimachus who had been arrested at Peiraeus.
@  Plut:Mor_1097'B, 1126'E-F; { This probably happened soon after Lysimachus' defeat and death.}
24a << Document: Burstein_14,B  a letter from Epicurus to Herodotus about the ransoming of Mithres.
25 CYP << Document: THI_252.C, a Phoenician dedication for the 'rightful scion' at Lapethus.
25a ASI ?? Document: OGIS_215, three decrees of Priene in honour of Larichus.
25b ?? Document: Syll_284, a decree to restore the statue of a tyrannicide at Erythrae.
25c ?? Document: OGIS_218, a decree of Ilium for the prevention of tyranny.
26 << Document: BD_16 (OGIS_219), a decree of Ilium in honour of Antiochus I.
27 Antiochus I is appointed "stephanephoros" of Miletus.
@  Syll_322'B; { Errington_p134.}
28 ITA Pyrrhus advances on Rome, as far as Anagnia in Latium.
* Read Dio's account
@  Liv_31.7'10; ~[Liv]:Per_13; Plin:HN_14'12;L  Flor_1.13'24; Appian:Sam_10'10;(24)  Ampel_28'3, 45'2; (?) DioCass_fr.40'25-26;*  [Vict]:VirIll_35'6; ~Eutrop_2.12'1; +Zonar_8'4;(p331)  { CAH_7.2'470.}
29 Pyrrhus retires to Campania.
* Read Zonaras' account
@  Appian:Sam_10'10;(24)  DioCass_fr.40'27; ~Eutrop_2.12'1-2; +Zonar_8'4;* (p333-5)  { CAH_7.2'470.}
30 SIC The Carthaginians defeat Hicetas.
@  ~Diod_22.2'2; { CAH_7.2'666.}
31 ROM Cineas arrives at Rome as the ambassador of Pyrrhus, and unsuccessfully attempts to win support with bribes.
* Read Diodorus' account
@  Cic:Tusc_1'59; Diod_22.6'3;*  Liv_34.4'6; ~[Liv]:Per_13; ValMax_4.3'14; Seneca:Contr_1.pr'19;L  Plin:HN_7'88; ~Plut:Pyrrh_18'4-5; Suda_D'1478<q" Aelian:Fr_6>; Just_18.2'7-8; Eutrop_2.12'4; +Zonar_8'4;(p347)  { CAH_7.2'470-471.}
32 >> The senate rejects Pyrrhus' peace terms, after a speech by Ap.Claudius Caecus.
* Read Plutarch's account
@  Ennius:Ann_194-196; Cic:Brut_55, 61, :Sen_16, :Phil_1'11; ~[Liv]:Per_13; Ovid:Fast_6'203-204; ValMax_8.13'5; Quint_2.16'7; ~Plut:Pyrrh_18'6-19'5,*  :Mor_794'D-F; Flor_1.13'20; Appian:Sam_10'1-7;(22)  Ampel_19'2; DioCass_fr.40'39-42; Just_18.2'10; [Vict]:VirIll_34'9; Eutrop_2.13'1; +Zonar_8'4;(p349)  { CAH_7.2'399, '471; Green_693.}
33 ITA >> Cineas returns to Pyrrhus, and calls the Roman senate "a parliament of kings".
* Read Plutarch's account
@  Ennius:Ann_197; Liv_9.17'14; ~Plut:Pyrrh_19'5-7;*  Flor_1.13'20; Appian:Sam_10'8-9;(24)  Just_18.2'10; ~Eutrop_2.13'3; AmmMarc_16.10'5.
34 >> Fabricius is sent on a mission to Pyrrhus.
* Read Dionysius' account
@  Cic:Sen_43; DionHal_19.13'1-18'8;*  ~[Liv]:Per_13; +CIL_6.37048; ValMax_4.3'6, 5.1e'3; Seneca:Contr_2.1'29,L  5.2;L  Frontin:Str_4.3'2; ~Plut:Pyrrh_20'1-10, :Mor_195'A; Flor_1.13'21; Appian:Sam_10'11-14;(25)  DioCass_fr.40'29-38; Just_18.2'6; Eutrop_2.12'2-3, 14'1; August:DeCiv_5'18;(↓↓)  +Zonar_8'4;(p337-43)  { OCD³.}
35 >> Pyrrhus releases the Roman prisoners.
* Read Dionysius' account
@  Ennius:Ann_186-193; Liv_22.59'18, 25.6'3; DionHal_20.6'1-3;*  ~[Liv]:Per_13; ValMax_2.7'15; Frontin:Str_4.1'18; ~Plut:Pyrrh_20'10-11; Flor_1.13'15; Appian:Sam_10'15-16;(26)  Just_18.1'10; [Vict]:VirIll_35'6; ~Eutrop_2.12'2,13'2; { CAH_7.2'471.}
36 ROM Cn.Domitius is appointed dictator, to hold the elections for new consuls.
@  +FastCap_p52.
37 GRE The floruit of the philosophers Zenon and Epicurus.
@  +Gell_17.21'38.
38 ?? The tragic actor Polus appears in eight plays within four days, shortly before his death.
@  Plut:Mor_785'B-C<q" Philoch_222>; { Polus was a pupil of Archias, the "exile-hunter" who was active about 322 B.C.}
38a ?? Document: THI_35, a treaty between Pellene and Delphi.
38b ?? Herophilus, an influential teacher of medicine, is alleged to have performed vivisection to explore anatomy.
@  Hygin:Fab_274; Celsus:Med_pr'23, Tert:Anim_10, 25.
39 CIL ?? The birth of the philosopher Chrysippus.
* Read Diogenes' account
@  Lucian:Macr_20; DiogLaert_7'184;*  Suda_B'568; { OCD³; Green_633.}

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