back 148 B.C. Olympiad 158.1

Consuls: Sp. Postumius Sp.f. Albinus Magnus, L. Calpurnius C.f. Piso Caesonius
Achaean General: Diaeus (II?)
Olympic victor in the stadion race: Orthon of Syracuse

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    Click on the links in the lists of references to go to the sources for each event

1 ROM The Achaeans send Diaeus as envoy to Rome.
* Read Pausanias' account
@ Paus_7.12'8-9; Just_34.1'4-5; {Green_449.}
2 SYR {21 Peritius -M = February} An earthquake at Antioch.
@ Malal_207-208; {According to Malalas, this happened 152 years after the foundation of Antioch, but he gives a confused account of the kings of this period.}
3 ROM ?? Gallus explains Archimedes' globe.
@ Cic:Rep_1'21-22;L  {Gallus was consul in 166 B.C., and is last mentioned as an envoy to Prusias in 155 B.C.}
4 ?? Marcellus puts up statues of his family.
@ Ascon_12'b.L 
5 NUM << The dream of Scipio.
@ Cic:Rep_6'9-29;L  {This is supposed to have happened while Scipio was in Africa, before the death of Masinissa.}
6 ?? Masinissa returns some huge tusks which were stolen from a temple in Melita.
* Read Cicero's account
@ Cic:Verr_2.4'103; ValMax_1.1e'2.L 
7 The Roman ambassador M.Marcellus dies in a shipwreck while travelling to visit Masinissa.
* Read Cicero's account
@ Cic:Pis_44, :Div_2'14;L  [Liv]:Per_50'f, +:EpOx_50'121-122;L  Ascon_12'b.L 
8 ++ General comments on the long reign of Masinissa, his physical toughness and his loyalty to Rome.
* Read Polybius' account
@ ~Polyb_36.16'1-9, '11; Athen_6.229'd, 12.518'f-519'a<q" PtolEuerg_8>; Sall:Jug_14'18; Diod_32.16'1; Strab_17.833'c;(3.15)  ValMax_8.13e'1,L  9.13e'2;L  Frontin:Str_4.3'11; Appian:Pun_106'a-b.
9 The death of Masinissa; Scipio divides the kingdom of Numidia between Masinissa's sons.
* Read Zonaras' account
@ ~Polyb_36.16'10; Sall:Jug_5'5; Diod_32.16'1; [Liv]:Per_50'b-c, +:EpOx_50'117-122;L  Plin:HN_5'25,L  7'156;L  Plut:Mor_791'F; Appian:Pun_105'b, 106'c-107'a; Lucian:Macr_17; Eutrop_4.11'1; Oros_4.22'8;L  ~Zonar_9.27'd-f; {OCD_m.}
10 MAC Andriscus defeats the praetor Juventius.
* Read Polybius' account
@ ~Polyb_36.17'1-15; Diod_32.9a'1; [Liv]:Per_50'e, +:EpOx_50'126;L  Flor_1.30'4-5;L  Eutrop_4.13'1; Oros_4.22'9;L  Zonar_9.23'e; {CAH_8'321<149>; Walbank_p678.}
11 AFR Manilius captures Tezaga and other towns.
* Read Livy's account
@ [Liv]:Per_50'd, +:EpOx_50'125;L  Oros_4.22'8;L  ~Zonar_9.27'f; {CAH_8'159.}
12 Negotiations between Phameas and Scipio.
* Read Appian's account
@ Diod_32.17'1; Appian:Pun_107'a-c; DioCass_fr.71'2; +Zonar_9.27'f.
13 PEL The Spartans secede from the Achaean League.
* Read Polybius' account
@ Polyb_3.5'6; Paus_7.12'9; Trog:Prol_33; {Walbank_p698.}
14 AFR Phameas deserts to the Romans.
* Read Appian's account
@ ~[Liv]:Per_50'c; Appian:Pun_108'a-109'b, 111'b, 'c; +Zonar_9.27'g.
15 ROM Scipio returns from Africa with Phameas.
* Read Appian's account
@ Appian:Pun_109'b-c; +Zonar_9.27'g-h.
16 AFR Piso is repulsed from Aspis.
* Read Appian's account
@ Diod_32.18'1; +Appian:Pun_110'a; +Zonar_9.29'a.
17 MAC Andriscus is successful in a cavalry battle.
@ +Zonar_9.28'e-f.
18 MAC Metellus defeats Andriscus.
* Read Zonaras' account
@ Diod_32.9b'1, 15'7; [Liv]:Per_50'e, +:EpOx_52'153<x>;L  Vell_1.11'2; Paus_7.13'1; [Euseb]:Chron_239'd; +Obseq_19;L  [Vict]:VirIll_61'1;L  Eutrop_4.13'1; +Zonar_9.28'f-g; {OCD_a; Green_447.}
19 PEL An Achaean army, led by Damocritus, attacks Sparta.
* Read Pausanias' account
@ Polyb_38.15'6; Paus_7.13'1-5; Just_34.1'1-3; {Walbank_p699.}
20 AFR Piso is repulsed from Hippagreta.
* Read Appian's account
@ +Appian:Pun_110'a-b; +Zonar_9.29'a.
21 MAC ++ General comments on the brief war against Andriscus.
* Read Tacitus' account
@ Tac:Ann_12'62; Festus:Brev_7'4; AmmMarc_26.6'20.L 
22 Metellus captures Andriscus; end of the rebellion in Macedonia.
* Read Livy's account
@ Diod_32.15'7; [Liv]:Per_50'i, +:EpOx_50'127;L  Flor_1.30'5;L  Ampel_16'5;L  [Euseb]:Chron_239'd; Eutrop_4.13'1; +Zonar_9.28'g; {CAH_8'321.}
23 LUS ?? Viriathus becomes the leader of the Lusitanian rebels.
* Read Livy's account
@ Diod_33.1'1-3, 21a'1; ~[Liv]:Per_52'b; Flor_1.33'15;L  DioCass_fr.73'1; Just_44.2'7; [Vict]:VirIll_71'1;L  Eutrop_4.16'2; Oros_5.4'1;L  {Some sources say that Viriathus was leader for 14 years, but this is a mistake; 7 years (App:Hisp_75'b) is more plausible.}
24 AFR The Carthaginians send envoys to Africa, Mauretania, and Macedonia, urging other states to join in the fight against Rome.
* Read Appian's account
@ +Appian:Pun_111'a-c; +Zonar_9.29'a.
25 ROM Scipio is elected consul.
* Read Appian's account
@ Cic:Amic_11;L  [Liv]:Per_50'd, +:EpOx_50'123-124;L  Vell_1.12'3; ValMax_8.15'4;L  Plut:Mor_200'A, 804'F-805'A; +Appian:Pun_112'a-c; DioCass_fr.70'2-3; [Vict]:VirIll_58'5;L  Eutrop_4.12'1; +Zonar_9.28'g; {CAH_8'191; OCD_s.}
26 AFR Hasdrubal, grandson of Masinissa, is murdered at Carthage.
* Read Appian's account
@ [Liv]:Per_50'd, +:EpOx_50'122-123;L  +Appian:Pun_111'c-d; Oros_4.22'8;L  {CAH_8'159.}
27 ROM Scipio is given command of the war in Africa, and carefully chooses the officers to serve with him there.
* Read Appian's account
@ Cic:Verr_2.2'28-29; ~[Liv]:Per_51'a; ValMax_8.15'4;L  Flor_1.31'12;L  +Appian:Pun_112'c-d.
28 PEL The Achaeans fine Damocritus for his failure in the war against Sparta.
@ Paus_7.13'5; {Walbank_p699.}
29 ROM The "regia" at Rome is badly damaged by fire.
@ +[Liv]:EpOx_50'127-129;L  +Obseq_19.L 
30 == The birth of M.Perperna, later consul and censor.
@ ~Plin:HN_7'156;L  {OCD_p.}
31 ?? Cornelia bears twelve children to Ti.Gracchus, alternating between sons and daughters.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ Sen:Dial_12.16'6; Plin:HN_7'57;L  Plut:CGrac_1'2.
32 ++ General comments on the patriotic virtues of Ti.Gracchus.
@ Cic:Fin_4'65.L 
33 ?? Ti.Gracchus the elder dies, shortly after discovering two snakes on his bed.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ Cic:Div_1'36,L  2'62;L  ValMax_4.6'1;L  Plin:HN_7'122;L  Plut:TGrac_1'4-7; [Vict]:VirIll_57'4;L  {This must have happened at some time between the birth of C.Gracchus (? 154 B.C.) and the start of Ti.Gracchus' public career..}
34 ?? A saying of Cornelia about her young children, Ti. and C.Gracchus.
@ ValMax_4.4'pr;L  {As soon as he reached adulthood, Ti.Gracchus went to Africa with Scipio.}

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