| 1
| ROM Sempronius returns to Rome to hold elections for new consuls.
* Read Livy's account
@ ~Liv_21.15'6,*
57'4;
~Zonar_8.25'a;
{CAH_8'49.}
|
|---|
| 2
| EGY {27 Daesius -M = 29 Hathur -E = January} Document: PEnteux_48, a petition from Pistus son of Leontomenes.
@ PLoeb_2.270.
|
|---|
| 3
| PEL << The incompetence of the Achaean general Eperatus allows Pyrrhias to lead an Aetolian raid into Achaea.
* Read Polybius' account
@ +Polyb_5.30'1-6,*
91'4;
{CAH_7.1'480.}
|
|---|
| 4
| CIS Hannibal makes an unsuccessful attack on Placentia.
* Read Livy's account
@ Diod_25.17'1;
~Liv_21.57'5-14,*
27.39'14;
~Appian:Hann_7'c;
~Zonar_8.24'e-f.
|
|---|
| 5
| Hannibal retires to winter quarters in Cisalpine Gaul.
* Read Polybius' account
@ +Polyb_3.77'3-78'4;*
~Zonar_8.24'g-h.
|
|---|
| 6
| Hannibal crosses the Apennines.
* Read Livy's account
@ ~Liv_21.58'1-59'10;*
Silius_4'739-748;L
+Oros_4.14'8;L
~Zonar_8.24'g;
{OCD_h.}
|
|---|
| 7
| ROM Bad omens at Rome.
* Read Livy's account
@ ~Liv_21.62'1-11;*
ValMax_1.6'5;L
~Plut:Fab_2'2-3;
DioCass_fr.57'7;
+Oros_4.15'1.L
|
|---|
| 8
| The new consuls make preparations for fighting against Hannibal.
* Read Polybius' account
@ ~Polyb_3.75'1-8;*
+Appian:Hann_8'a-c.
|
|---|
| 9
| {March -R} Flaminius enters his consulship at Ariminum.
* Read Livy's account
@ Liv_21.15'6,
63'1-15,*
+22.1'5-7;
Silius_4'707-721.L
|
|---|
| 10
| ETR Hannibal follows a difficult route through marshes into Etruria.
* Read Polybius' account
@ +Polyb_3.78'1-80'1;*
Nepos_24.4'2-3;
+Liv_22.1'1-4,
2'1-11;
Strab_5.217'c;(1.11)
Silius_4'749-762;L
Juvenal_10'154-158;L
+Oros_4.15'2-3;L
+Zonar_8.25'b-c.
|
|---|
| 11
| SPA Cn.Scipio defeats a Carthaginian fleet near the Ebro.
* Read Livy's account
@ Sosyl_1;
+Polyb_3.95'1-96'6;
+Liv_22.19'1-20'3;*
Frontin:Str_4.7'9;
~Zonar_9.1'a;
{CAH_8'57; OCD_s.}
|
|---|
| 12
| PEL Aratus becomes general of the Achaean League.
@ Polyb_5.30'7;
{CAH_7.1'480.}
|
|---|
| 13
| Lycurgus returns to Sparta and invades Messenia.
@ +Polyb_5.91'1-92'10.
|
|---|
| 14
| Aratus puts an end to civil dissension at Megalopolis.
@ +Polyb_5.93'1-10.
|
|---|
| 15
| Lycus of Pharae defeats the Aetolians near Leontium.
@ +Polyb_5.94'1-9.
|
|---|
| 16
| ETR Hannibal devastates the countryside in Etruria.
* Read Polybius' account
@ +Polyb_3.80'3-82'10;*
Cic:Div_1'77,
2'67;
+Liv_22.3'1-14;
Silius_5'66-69;L
Plut:Fab_2'2-3'1;
Flor_1.22'14;
+Appian:Hann_9'a-b;
AmmMarc_15.10'11;
+Oros_4.15'4;L
+Zonar_8.25'd;
{OCD_h.}
|
|---|
| 17
| AFR The Carthaginians demand Hannibal's son for a human sacrifice.
@ Silius_4'763-829;L
{This is clearly unhistorical.}
|
|---|
| 18
| SPA P.Scipio arrives in Spain.
* Read Livy's account
@ +Polyb_3.97'1-5;
+Liv_22.20'4-22'3;*
Appian:Hisp_15'a,
+:Hann_8'b;
~Zonar_9.1'b;
{CAH_8'57; OCD_s.}
|
|---|
| 19
| PAL {13 June} The Egyptian army advances to meet Antiochus.
@ +Polyb_5.79'1-80'7.
|
|---|
| 20
| ETR {21 June -R} Hannibal defeats and kills Flaminius at Lake Trasimene.
* Read Livy's account
@ +Polyb_3.81'9-85'6,
5.101'3,
105'3;
Cic:ND_2'8,L
:Div_1'77,
2'21;
Nepos_23.4'3;
+Liv_22.4'1-7'5;*
#Ovid:Fast_6'763-768;L
Strab_5.226'e-227'a;(2.9)
ValMax_1.6'6;L
Frontin:Str_2.5'24,
6'4,
4.7'25;
Silius_5'1-6'61;L
Plut:Fab_3'1-3;
Flor_2.6'13-14;
+Appian:Hann_10'a-c;
Eutrop_3.9'2;
+Oros_4.15'5-7;L
+Zonar_8.25'd-h;
{CAH_8'49; OCD_f.}
|
|---|
| 21
| PAL {22 June} The Egyptian army defeats Antiochus at Raphia.
* Read Polybius' account
@ Daniel_11'11-12;
+Polyb_5.81'1-86'11;*
3Macc_1'1-5,
3'14;
Strab_16.759'e;(2.31)
Plut:Mor_972'C;
Aelian:NA_7'44;
Just_30.1'6;
Trog:Prol_30;
Porph:Fr_44;
{CAH_7.1'437; Green_289-290.}
|
|---|
| 22
| ETR Maharbal defeats a Roman cavalry force led by C.Centenius.
* Read Polybius' account
@ +Polyb_3.86'1-5;*
Nepos_23.4'3;
+Liv_22.8'1;
+Appian:Hann_11'a-b,
17'a;
+Zonar_8.25'h.
|
|---|
| 23
| GRE The Eleans and Aetolians make raids into their opponents' territory.
@ +Polyb_5.95'1-96'8.
|
|---|
| 24
| MAC An unsuccessful attack by Philippus on Melitaea.
* Read Polybius' account
@ +Polyb_5.97'1-98'11,*
9.18'5-9;
{CAH_7.1'480.}
|
|---|
| 25
| {June} Philippus captures Thebae in Phthiotis.
* Read Polybius' account
@ +Polyb_5.99'1-100'11;*
Diod_26.9'1;
Liv_28.7'12;
{CAH_7.1'480.}
|
|---|
| 26
| ROM {? July} Q.Fabius Maximus is appointed dictator, and collects new recruits for the army, including some freedman.
* Read Livy's account
@ +Polyb_3.85'7-10,
86'6-7,
87'6-9,
88'7-8;
+Liv_22.7'6-8'7,*
9'7-11'9,
31'8-11;
+FastCap_p60;
ValMax_9.12'2;L
Silius_6'552-595,L
'609-640,L
7'1-89;L
Plut:Fab_3'4-5'1;
+Appian:Hann_11'b-12'a;
Polyaen_8.14'1;
DioCass_fr.57'8;
Macrob:Sat_1.11'31;L
+Zonar_8.25'i-j;
{CAH_8'50; OCD_f.}
|
|---|
| 27
| MAC << Document: SIG_532, an inscription from Lamia in honour of the poetess Aristodama.
@ Austin_142.
|
|---|
| 28
| ETR Hannibal advances to the Adriatic coast and rests his army in Picenum.
* Read Polybius' account
@ +Polyb_3.86'8-87'5,*
88'1-6;
+Liv_22.9'1-6;
Silius_6'595-609,L
'641-650,L
17'320-321;
+Appian:Hann_12'a;
+Zonar_8.25'h;
{CAH_8'50.}
|
|---|
| 29
| M.Cato serves as a soldier in the Roman army for the first time.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ Nepos:Cat_1'2;
Plut:CatMai_1'8;*
{Cato was 17 years old at the time.}
|
|---|
| 30
| Fabius declines to enter a set battle with Hannibal.
* Read Livy's account
@ +Polyb_3.88'9-90'6;
Diod_26.3'1-2;
+Liv_22.12'1-12;*
Sen:Dial_3.11'5;
Silius_7'90-157;L
Plut:Fab_5'1-6,
:Mor_195'C;
+Appian:Hann_12'a-b;
Polyaen_8.14'1;
DioCass_fr.57'9-10;
+Zonar_8.25'j-l;
{CAH_8'50.}
|
|---|
| 31
| ITA Hannibal crosses to Campania, which he lays waste.
* Read Polybius' account
@ +Polyb_3.90'7-92'7;*
+Liv_22.13'1-14'15,
25'7;
Silius_6'651-716,L
7'158-271;L
(?)
Polyaen_6.38'9;
DioCass_fr.57'8;
+Zonar_8.25'i;
{OCD_h.}
|
|---|
| 32
| Hannibal is trapped by Fabius near Falernum, but escapes.
* Read Livy's account
@ +Polyb_3.92'8-94'8;
Nepos_23.5'1-2;
+Liv_22.15'1-18'6;*
Quint_2.17'19;
Frontin:Str_1.5'28;
Silius_7'272-380,L
12'501-504;L
Plut:Fab_6'1-7'2;
+Appian:Hann_13'b-15'b;
Polyaen_6.38'8;
+Zonar_8.26'a-c;
{CAH_8'50.}
|
|---|
| 33
| SPA Abelux persuades Bostar to release the Spanish hostages from Saguntum.
* Read Polybius' account
@ +Polyb_3.97'6-99'9;*
+Liv_22.22'4-21;
~Zonar_9.1'b-c.
|
|---|
| 34
| PAL Ptolemaeus visits Jerusalem, and attempts to enter the temple.
* Read 3Maccabees' account
@ ~3Macc_1'6-2'24,*
3'15-19.
|
|---|
| 35
| ++ General remarks on the Fourth Syrian War, and the devastation which it caused in Coele Syria.
* Read Polybius' account
@ Polyb_1.3'1-2;*
Joseph:AJ_12'129-130.
|
|---|
| 36
| {? September} Peace terms are agreed between Antiochus and the Egyptians; the end of the Fourth Syrian War.
* Read Polybius' account
@ +Polyb_5.87'1-8,*
14.12'3;
Just_30.1'7;
Porph:Fr_44;
{CAH_7.1'437.}
|
|---|
| 37
| MAC {21 Hyperberetaeus -M = ? September} Document: SIG_543'1-22, a letter from Philippus to Larissa and a subsequent decree passed by the city assembly.
@ Bagnall_31;
{CAH_7.1'511.}
|
|---|
| 38
| PEL ?? Aratus fails in an attack on Cynaetha.
@ Polyb_9.17'1-10;
{At an unspecified date during the Social War.}
|
|---|
| 39
| GRE Peace terms are agreed at Naupactus between the Aetolians and Philippus and his allies; the end of the Social War.
* Read Polybius' account
@ Polyb_3.2'3,
4.28'5,
+5.101'5-105'10;*
(?)
Paus_6.15'2;
Just_29.2'1-3'8;
{CAH_7.1'481; CAH_8'94.}
|
|---|
| 40
| {? October} Agelaus becomes general of the Aetolian League.
@ +Polyb_5.107'5-7.
|
|---|
| 41
| ETR A Carthaginian fleet approaches Caieta in Latium.
@ ~Silius_7'409-493;L
{CAH_8'66.}
|
|---|
| 42
| ITA Roman successes at Geronium.
* Read Polybius' account
@ +Polyb_3.94'9-10,
100'1-102'11;*
+Liv_22.18'7-10,
23'1-24'14;
ValMax_3.8'2,L
4.8'1,L
7.3e'8;L
Frontin:Str_1.8'2;
Silius_7'380-408,L
'494-507;L
Plut:Fab_7'2-8'2;
+Appian:Hann_15'c-16'a;
DioCass_fr.57'15,
'35;
[Vict]:VirIll_43'6-7;L
+Zonar_8.26'c-f;
{CAH_8'51; OCD_minucius.}
|
|---|
| 43
| ROM The magister equitum, M.Minucius, is granted the same powers as Fabius.
* Read Livy's account
@ +Polyb_3.103'1-8,
106'2,
5.2'4;
Nepos_23.5'3;
+Liv_22.25'1-27'11;*
Silius_7'508-522;L
Plut:Fab_8'3-10'5,
:Mor_195'C;
+Appian:Hann_12'c-13'a;
DioCass_fr.57'11,
'16-17,
'20;
[Vict]:VirIll_43'3;L
+Zonar_8.26'f-h;
{CAH_8'51; OCD_m.}
|
|---|
| 44
| ITA Fabius saves Minucius from defeat by Hannibal.
* Read Livy's account
@ +Polyb_3.104'1-105'11;
Diod_26.3'3;
Nepos_23.5'3;
+Liv_22.28'1-30'10,*
23.11'8-10;
ValMax_5.2'4;L
Plin:HN_22'10;L
Frontin:Str_2.5'22,
4.6'1;
Silius_7'523-750,L
9'563-567;L
Plut:Fab_11'1-15'3,
:Mor_195'D;
+Appian:Hann_13'a-b;
DioCass_fr.57'19-20;
+Zonar_8.26'h-i;
{CAH_8'51.}
|
|---|
| 45
| AFR Servilius raids the African coast.
* Read Polybius' account
@ +Polyb_3.96'7-14;*
+Liv_22.31'1-7;
+Zonar_8.26'j-k;
{CAH_8'66.}
|
|---|
| 46
| ILL Philippus invades Illyria.
@ +Polyb_5.108'1-9;
{CAH_8'95.}
|
|---|
| 46a
| EGY {November} Document: Austin_276, a decree of the Egyptian priests in honour of Ptolemaeus IV.
|
|---|
| 47
| ROM ?? A woodpecker sits on the head of P.Aelius Tubero, and is interpreted as a bad omen.
@ ValMax_5.6'4;L
Plin:HN_10'41;L
Frontin:Str_5.10'14;
{Before the battle of Cannae; but a similar story about P.Aelius Paetus is listed under 203 B.C..}
|
|---|
| 48
| >> A plebiscitum removes restrictions to the re-election of consuls for the duration of the war.
@ +Liv_27.6'7;
{CAH_8'68.}
|
|---|
| 49
| >> Gold coins are minted at Rome for the first time, and the weight of the bronze coins is halved.
@ +Plin:HN_33'45,L
'47.L
|
|---|
| 50
| >> A record number of 57 earthquakes are reported at Rome during the year.
@ ~Plin:HN_2'200.L
|
|---|
| 51
| == The delaying tactics of Fabius earn him the title of Cunctator.
* Read Florus' account
@ Ennius:Ann_360-362;
Liv_23.11'10;
Verg:Aen_6'845-846;
Quint_8.2'11;
Frontin:Str_1.3'3;
Flor_1.22'27-28;*
Ampel_18'6,L
46'6;L
[Vict]:VirIll_43'2;L
AmmMarc_29.5'32;
~Oros_4.15'7.L
|
|---|
| 52
| ROM == Document: CIL_607,L a dedication by Minucius.
@ ROL_p76.
|
|---|
