back 146 B.C. Olympiad 158.3

Consuls: Cn. Cornelius Cn.f. Lentulus, L. Mummius L.f.
Athenian archon: Epicrates

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    Click on the links in the lists of references to go to the sources for each event

1 PEL Cancellation of debts in the Achaean League.
* Read Polybius' account
@ ~Polyb_38.11'7-11;*  Diod_32.26'3; {Green_451.}
2 PAL << Alexander Balas honours Jonathan.
* Read 1Maccabees' account
@ 1Macc_10'88-89;*  Joseph:AJ_13'102.
3 AFR Laelius captures Cothon.
* Read Appian's account
@ Plut:TGrac_4'5-6, :CGrac_22'2; +Appian:Pun_127'a-b;*  Oros_4.23'1;L  ~Zonar_9.30'c-d.
4 The Roman army advances to the Byrsa of Carthage.
* Read Appian's account
@ Flor_1.31'16; +Appian:Pun_127'b-130'b;*  +Oros_4.23'2-3;L  ~Zonar_9.30'd; {CAH_8'160.}
5 PEL Critolaus urges the assembly of the Achaean League towards war with Sparta and Rome.
* Read Polybius' account
@ ~Polyb_38.12'1-13'9,*  14'1-2; Diod_32.26'4-5; Paus_2.1'2, 7.14'5-7; ~Zonar_9.31'b; {CAH_8'322-323; Green_451.}
6 MAC Macedonia is organized into a Roman province.
* Read Florus' account
@ Verg:Aen_1'283-285; Strab_7.fr'47;(7.12)  Flor_1.30'5,*  32'3; DioCass_38.28'2; +[Euseb]:Chron_239'd; !Hieron:Chron_1876; {CAH_8'539; OCD_m.}
7 AFR Hasdrubal surrenders to the Romans; his wife and the deserters commit suicide.
* Read Appian's account
@ ~Polyb_38.20'1-22'3; Diod_32.23'1, 24'1; ~[Liv]:Per_51'c, +:EpOx_51'139-142;L  Strab_17.832'd;(3.14)  ValMax_3.2e'8;L  Flor_1.31'16-17; Appian:Pun_130'b-132'c;*  +Oros_4.23'4;L  ~Zonar_9.30'd-e; {Walbank_p720.}
8 ROM The censors, Lentulus and Censorinus, complete the census of Roman citizens.
* Read St.Jerome's account
@ ~FastCap_p70; ValMax_6.9'10;L  +Hieron:Chron_1870.* 
9 ?? A paved floor is laid in the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus.
@ ~Plin:HN_36'185.L 
10 AFR ++ General comments on the Third Punic War, in which Scipio quickly and decisively defeated the Carthaginians.
* Read Polybius' account
@ Polyb_38.1'4-7;*  CIL_585'75<t=L  ROL_p420>; Cic:Rep_2'67;L  Strab_17.832'e-833'c;(3.15)  Silius_7'492-493;L  Flor_1.31'1-2; August:DeCiv_5.22'a.
11 Carthage is destroyed by fire, and razed to the ground: the end of the Third Punic War.
* Read Appian's account
@ Polyb_39.8'6; Cic:LegAgr_2'51, :HarResp_6; Diod_32.4'5; [Liv]:Per_51'a, +:EpOx_51'137-139;L  Vell_1.12'5; ValMax_1.1'18;L  Flor_1.31'18; +Appian:Pun_133'a;*  Justin:Dig_7.4'21<q"L  Modestinus>; +Hieron:Chron_1871; +Oros_4.23'5-6;L  ~Zonar_9.31'h; {CAH_8'160; OCD_c.}
12 ROM The destruction of Carthage, and the lack of a powerful rival, are prime causes of moral degeneration at Rome.
* Read Sallust's account
@ Sall:Cat_10'1-6, :Jug_41'1-10, :Hist_1'10, '12; Plin:HN_33'150;L  Plut:Mor_88'A; August:DeCiv_3.21'e-f.
13 The Romans declare war on the Achaean League.
* Read Pausanias' account
@ Vell_1.12'1; Paus_7.15'1;*  Just_34.2'1; ~Zonar_9.31'c; {CAH_8'322.}
14 SYR Ptolemaeus VI transfers his support from Alexander Balas to Demetrius II.
* Read 1Maccabees' account
@ ~1Macc_11'1-12;*  Diod_32.9c'1; ~[Liv]:Per_52'c; Joseph:AJ_13'103-110; ChronPasc_444'A; Hieron:Chron_1877; Sulpit_2.24'b; {CAH_8'539; Holbl_p193.}
15 GRE The Achaeans besiege Heracleia.
* Read Pausanias' account
@ ~Polyb_38.16'11, '13; Paus_7.15'2-3,*  '9-10; ~Zonar_9.31'b; {CAH_8'323; Green_451.}
16 Metellus defeats the Achaeans at Scarpheia; Critolaus is killed.
* Read Pausanias' account
@ ~[Liv]:Per_52'a; Vell_1.11'2; Flor_1.32'3-4; Paus_7.15'4,*  '8-9; [Vict]:VirIll_60'2,L  61'2;L  +Oros_5.3'2-3;L  ~Zonar_9.31'b-c; {CAH_8'323; Green_451.}
17 Metellus defeats the Arcadians in Phocis.
* Read Pausanias' account
@ Paus_7.15'5-6,*  '8; [Vict]:VirIll_61'2;L  +Oros_5.3'3.L 
18 Thebes is abandoned by its inhabitants.
* Read Pausanias' account
@ ~Polyb_38.16'10; ~[Liv]:Per_52'a; ~Paus_7.15'9-10.* 
19 A group of soldiers from Patrae are overwhelmed by the Romans in Phocis.
* Read Polybius' account
@ ~Polyb_38.16'4-6,*  39.1'10-12; {Walbank_p712-713.}
20 PEL Diaeus frees slaves and raises another Achaean army.
* Read Polybius' account
@ ~Polyb_38.15'1-16'10;*  Paus_7.15'7-8; ~Zonar_9.31'c; {Green_452.}
21 LUS Viriathus destroys a Roman force of 4000 men under C.Plautius.
@ Appian:Hisp_64'a; {MRR_1'466.}
22 PEL The Achaeans reject Metellus' terms for peace.
* Read Polybius' account
@ ~Polyb_38.17'1-18'12;*  ~Paus_7.15'10-11.
23 AFR Laelius returns to Rome to announce the capture of Carthage.
* Read Appian's account
@ +Appian:Pun_133'a;*  Julian:Or_8.245'B-C; ~Zonar_9.30'f.
24 Scipio sends back spoils from Carthage to Sicily, without taking anything for himself.
* Read Cicero's account
@ Polyb_18.35'9-12; Cic:Verr_2.2'3, '85-87, 4'73-84,*  '97-98, 5'124, '185-187; Diod_13.90'5, 32.25'1; ~[Liv]:Per_51'b; ValMax_5.1'6;L  Plut:Mor_97'D, 200'B; +Appian:Pun_133'a-b; Eutrop_4.12'1; {CAH_8'160.}
25 MAU Polybius sails on a journey of exploration along the north-western coast of the African continent.
@ Plin:HN_5'9,L  8'47;L  {OCD_p; Walbank_p633.}
26 GRE Mummius arrives in Greece and takes over the command from Metellus.
* Read Pausanias' account
@ Plut:Crass_36'2; Flor_1.32'4; Paus_7.16'1-2;*  [Vict]:VirIll_60'2;L  +Oros_5.3'5;L  ~Zonar_9.31'c-d; {OCD_m.}
27 PEL Mummius defeats the Achaeans at the Isthmus.
* Read Pausanias' account
@ Polyb_39.8'6; ~[Liv]:Per_52'a; Flor_1.32'5; Paus_7.16'3;*  Just_34.1'2-5; [Vict]:VirIll_60'2;L  +Oros_5.3'3;L  ~Zonar_9.31'd-e; {CAH_8'323; OCD_m.}
28 Diaeus commits suicide.
* Read Pausanias' account
@ +[Liv]:EpOx_51'145-146;L  Paus_7.16'4-6;*  [Vict]:VirIll_60'2;L  Zonar_9.31'e; {Green_452.}
29 The Romans capture Corinth.
* Read Pausanias' account
@ Plut:Mar_1'1; Flor_1.32'5; Paus_5.10'5, 7.16'7-8;*  Festus:Brev_7'2; +Oros_5.3'5;L  ~Zonar_9.31'e; {CAH_8'323.}
30 LUS Viriathus defeats the Roman praetor C.Plautius.
* Read Appian's account
@ ~[Liv]:Per_52'b; ~Appian:Hisp_64'a-b;*  Oros_5.4'3.L 
31 PEL ++ General comments on the Achaean War, in which the incompetence of the Achaean leaders led to disaster for Greece.
* Read Polybius' account
@ Polyb_38.1'1-5'2;*  Diod_32.26'1-3; Paus_7.17'2; Gell_10.16'17; [Vict]:VirIll_60'1.L 
32 Mummius loots and destroys Corinth, allegedly causing "Corinthian bronze" to be formed: the end of the Achaean War.
* Read Polybius' account
@ CIL_626,L  630<t=L  ROL_p84>; ~Polyb_39.2'1-3;*  AnthPal_7'297; Cic:LegAgr_2'87; Diod_32.27'1, '3; [Liv]:Per_52'a-b, +:EpOx_51'145;L  Strab_8.381'b;(6.23)  Petron:Sat_50'5-6; Plin:HN_34'6-7,L  35'24;L  Plut:Mor_737'A;(Q9.1)  Flor_1.32'1, '5-7,L  33'1-2; Paus_7.16'8; [Vict]:VirIll_60'3;L  +Oros_5.3'1,L  '6-7;L  ~Zonar_9.31'a, 'f-h; {CAH_8'323; OCD_m.}
33 AFR Africa is organized into a Roman province.
* Read Appian's account
@ CIL_585'77,L  '81<t=L  ROL_p422>; Cic:LegAgr_2'58; [Liv]:Per_51'b, +:EpOx_51'142-143;L  Strab_17.833'c;(3.15)  Vell_2.38'2; ~Appian:Pun_135'a-b;*  Ampel_46'7;L  SHA:Clod_13'6; Festus:Brev_4'3; +Oros_4.23'7;L  ~Zonar_9.30'h; {CAH_8'160-161; Green_713.}
34 Scipio holds victory games, and punishes deserters.
* Read Livy's account
@ [Liv]:Per_51'b;*  ValMax_2.7'13;L  Appian:Pun_135'b.
35 PEL The Romans send out ten envoys to organise Achaea into province.
* Read Pausanias' account
@ Polyb_39.3'1-4'4, 8'6; Cic:LegAgr_1'5, :Att_13.5'1, 6a'1, 32'3, 33'3; Verg:Aen_1'283-285; ~[Liv]:Per_52'a-b; Strab_8.381'a;(6.23)  Tac:Ann_4'43; Plut:Phil_21'10-12; Paus_2.1'2, 7.16'9-10;*  Festus:Brev_7'2-3; Zonar_9.31'e-f, 'g-h; {CAH_8'323..}
36 ROM The triumph of Metellus, who brings back some statues by Lysippus from Macedonia.
* Read Eutropius' account
@ Cic:Mur_31, :Pis_61, :Fin_5'82;L  ~[Liv]:Per_52'b; Vell_1.11'3; ValMax_7.1'1,L  5'4;L  Plin:HN_34'64;L  Flor_1.30'5; ~Appian:Pun_135'c; Ampel_16'5;L  Eutrop_4.14'2;*  {Metellus was rejected twice before he was elected consul ([Vict]:VirIll_61'3), so he must have been in Rome for the elections of this year.}
37 << Scipio Nasica fails to be elected as aedile.
* Read Cicero's account
@ Cic:Planc_51;*  ValMax_7.5'2;L  {Scipio Nasica was consul in 138 B.C., and if he held a normal sequence of offices he would have been a candidate for aedile about 8 years earlier.}
38 L.Mancinus exhibits paintings of the capture of Carthage, to help his campaign to be elected consul.
@ Plin:HN_35'23.L 

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