168 B.C. Olympiad 153.1Click on the links in the lists of references to go to the sources for each event
| 1 | ROM {15 March -R = January} The consuls enter office; an embassy from Alexandria appeals to the senate for help against Antiochus IV.
* Read Polybius' account @ ~Polyb_29.2'1-4;* +Liv_44.19'1-14. |
|---|---|
| 2 | {18 March -R = January} Legates from Macedonia return to Rome at evening time.
@ +Liv_44.20'1. |
| 3 | {19 March -R = January} The legates from Macedonia appear before the senate; Paullus makes a speech to the people.
* Read Livy's account @ ~Polyb_29.1'1-3; +Liv_44.20'2-22'15;* +Plut:Aem_11'1-4, :Mor_197'F; {CAH_8'315.} |
| 4 | {12 April -R = February} Paullus leaves for Macedonia, after celebrating the Latin Festival.
* Read Livy's account @ Cic:Att_4.13'2; +Liv_44.19'4, #22'16-17,* 45.39'9; {CAH_8'316.} |
| 5 | MOE Perseus fails to win the support of the Bastarnae.
* Read Livy's account @ ~Polyb_29.9'13; Diod_30.19'1, 21'3, 31.14'1; +Liv_44.26'1-27'7;* +Plut:Aem_12'2-13'1; Appian:Mac_18'1-3.(32) |
| 6 | PEL << An embassy from Egypt asks the Achaean assembly for support against Antiochus, but receives no practical help.
@ ~Polyb_29.23'1-25'7; {Walbank_p396.} |
| 7 | AEG The Macedonian fleet sails into the Aegean, and surprises a convoy of Pergamene ships.
* Read Livy's account @ +Liv_44.28'1-29'5,* 45.31'14; Appian:Mac_18'4.(34) |
| 8 | EGY Antiochus IV invades Egypt for a second time.
* Read Livy's account @ ~Polyb_29.26'1-2; ~2Macc_5'1-4; Diod_31.1'1; +Liv_45.11'9-12'2;* Porph:Fr_50; GeorgMon_p287'b-c; {CAH_8'344.} |
| 9 | AEG The Rhodians decide to try to mediate between Perseus and the Romans.
* Read Polybius' account @ ~Polyb_29.10'1-11'6;* +Liv_44.29'6-8; {CAH_8'337.} |
| 10 | ILL {?May} The praetor L.Anicius arrives in Illyria.
* Read Livy's account @ +Liv_44.30'1-15;* Appian:Ill_9'c; +Eutrop_4.6'4. |
| 11 | ITA {May} Paullus sets sail from Brundisium for Corcyra.
* Read Livy's account @ #Diod_31.11'1; #Liv_45.41'3,* '5; +Plut:Aem_12'1, #36'4; Appian:Mac_19'2.(35) |
| 12 | GRE {June} Paullus arrives at Delphi.
* Read Livy's account @ #Diod_31.11'1; #Liv_45.41'3;* #Plut:Aem_36'4; Appian:Mac_19'2;(35) {Green_430.} |
| 13 | MAC {June} Paullus reaches the Roman army at the river Elpeus.
* Read Plutarch's account @ Diod_30.20'1, #31.11'1; +Liv_44.32'5-35'5, #45.41'4; ValMax_2.7'14;L Plut:Aem_12'1-14'11,* :Gal_1'2, :Mor_198'A; #Appian:Mac_19'2;(35) Just_33.1'6; +Eutrop_4.6'4; +Zonar_9.23'a-b. |
| 14 | ILL {?June} Anicius captures Genthius, the king of the Illyrians.
* Read Livy's account @ +Liv_44.31'1-32'5,* 45.26'13-14, 43'4; Strab_6.287'd;(4.2) +Plut:Aem_13'3; Flor_1.29'2;L Appian:Ill_9'a-c; Festus:Brev_7'5; +Eutrop_4.6'4; +Zonar_9.24'a; {CAH_8'316; OCD_i.} |
| 15 | MAC {June} Paullus decides to attack Perrhaebia.
* Read Plutarch's account @ Pacuv:Paulus_1; +Liv_44.35'6-15; +Plut:Aem_15'1-11;* +Zonar_9.23'b-c. |
| 16 | {June} Paullus engages in fighting by the Elpeus.
* Read Livy's account @ ~Polyb_29.14'4; +Liv_44.35'16-20;* +Zonar_9.23'c. |
| 17 | The Romans sustain heavy casualties in further fighting by the Elpeus.
@ +Liv_44.35'21-22. |
| 18 | {2 September -R = 20 June} Nasica defeats the Macedonian garrison at Pythium.
* Read Plutarch's account @ #Diod_31.11'1; +Liv_44.35'23-24, #45.41'4; +Plut:Aem_16'1-4;* Flor_1.28'7;L +Zonar_9.23'c-d; {CAH_8'316.} |
| 19 | {3 September -R = 21 June} Paullus advances to Pydna; Sulpicius Gallus predicts a lunar eclipse, which occurs during the night.
* Read Livy's account @ ~Polyb_29.16'1-3; Cic:Rep_1'23-24;L #Liv_44.36'1-37'9;* ValMax_8.11'1;L Plin:HN_2'53;L Quint_1.10'47; Frontin:Str_1.12'8; +Plut:Aem_16'5-17'10, :Mor_198'A-B; Just_33.1'7; +Zonar_9.23'd-e; {CAH_8'316; OCD_g.} |
| 20 | {4 September -R = 22 June} Paullus defeats Perseus at the battle of Pydna.
* Read Livy's account @ ~Polyb_29.17'1-4; Pacuv:Paulus_2-4; Diod_30.22'1; +Liv_44.37'10-44'3,* 45.37'9-10, 41'4-5; Vell_1.9'4; Frontin:Str_2.3'20, 4.5'17; Plut:CatMai_20'10-11, +:Aem_17'11-23'8, 36'4, :Mor_70'A-B; Flor_1.28'8-9,L 14-15;L Appian:Mac_19'2;(35) Just_33.2'1-4; [Euseb]:Chron_239'b; [Vict]:VirIll_58'1;L #Eutrop_4.7'1; +Oros_4.20'39;L +Zonar_9.23'e-g; {CAH_8'316; OCD_pa.} |
| 21 | The Thracian garrison is tricked into leaving Amphipolis.
* Read Livy's account @ +Liv_44.43'8, 44'4-8;* Frontin:Str_3.16'5. |
| 22 | ROM P.Vatinius has a divine revelation from the Dioscurides, announcing Paullus' victory.
@ Cic:ND_2'6,L 3'11,L '13;L ValMax_1.8'1;L Plin:HN_7'86;L MinFel:Oct_7'3, 27'4. |
| 23 | MAC {6 September -R = 24 June} Perseus arrives at Amphipolis.
* Read Livy's account @ Diod_30.21'1-2; #Liv_44.45'1-14,* 45.41'6; +Plut:Aem_23'9-24'2; +Zonar_9.23'g. |
| 24 | AEG {7 September -R = 25 June} Perseus takes refuge in Samothrace.
* Read Livy's account @ Diod_29.25'1; #Liv_44.45'14-15,* 45.40'2; Vell_1.9'4; ValMax_1.8'1;L +Plut:Aem_23'11; Flor_1.28'9;L Ampel_16'4; +Zonar_9.23'g. |
| 25 | ROM An unsubstantiated rumour about victory in Macedonia spreads at Rome.
* Read Livy's account @ +Liv_45.1'2-5;* +Plut:Aem_24'4-6, 31'6; +Zonar_9.24'b. |
| 26 | MAC Paullus reaches Pella.
* Read Livy's account @ +Liv_44.46'1-11;* +Plut:Aem_24'3. |
| 27 | PAL Jason attacks Menelaus, who appeals for help to Antiochus.
* Read 2Maccabees' account @ 2Macc_1'7, ~5'5-10;* Joseph:AJ_12'239-240; Hieron:Chron_1845; Malal_206; {CAH_8'348; Green_512.} |
| 28 | ROM {16 September -R = 4 July} Official news of the victory at Pydna reaches Rome.
@ #Liv_45.1'6-11. |
| 29 | AEG A Roman delegation arrives at Samothrace to negotiate with Perseus.
* Read Livy's account @ +Liv_45.4'2-7;* Flor_1.28'10;L +Zonar_9.23'h. |
| 30 | Euander the Cretan is killed, probably by order of Perseus.
* Read Livy's account @ +Liv_45.5'1-12;* DioCass_fr.66'3; +Zonar_9.23'i. |
| 31 | The Macedonian fleet withdraws to Cassandreia after receiving news of the battle of Pydna.
@ +Liv_45.10'1-15. |
| 32 | A Roman embassy led by Popillius goes to Rhodes, and persuades an assembly to condemn to death those suspected of sympathising with Perseus.
* Read Livy's account @ +Liv_45.10'4-15;* DioCass_fr.68'1. |
| 33 | GRE Document: Sherk1_23, a decree in honour of Calliphanes, an Athenian who was with the Roman army at Pydna. |
| 34 | ROM {25 September -R = 13 July} Envoys from Paullus arrive at Rome.
* Read Livy's account @ +Liv_45.1'5, #2'1-12;* ValMax_1.8'1;L +Zonar_9.24'b-c. |
| 35 | ?? The first bakers start up business at Rome.
@ ~Plin:HN_18'107.L |
| 36 | AEG ++ The Rhodians and other Greek states fail to give full support to the Romans during the war against Perseus.
* Read Polybius' account @ Polyb_30.7'2-8'8;* Sall:Cat_51'5; Diod_31.5'1, '3; Liv_45.31'7, '15, 42'7-10; Vell_1.9'2; Paus_7.10'8-9; Gell_6.3'3-5, '15-16.L |
| 37 | MAC ++ General remarks about the war between Rome and Perseus, and the Roman conquest of Macedonia.
* Read Plutarch's account @ Polyb_30.3'1, 36.9'7; Diod_31.9'1, 32.4'5; Memn_18'4; Plut:Sull_12'9-11,* :Tim_40'1-4, :Mor_474'F-475'A; Malal_208-209; Zonar_9.22'f. |
| 38 | AEG Perseus surrenders to the Romans; the end of the war against Perseus, the last king of Macedonia.
* Read Livy's account @ Polyb_31.25'6-7; Diod_31.11'2; +Liv_45.6'1-12;* Vell_1.9'5; +Plut:Aem_26'1-7; DioCass_fr.66'4; Just_33.2'5; [Euseb]:Chron_241'c; Malal_196; ExcBarb_44A; +Zonar_9.23'j; {CAH_8'316; OCD_p.} |
| 39 | EGY {Paoni -E = July} Popillius meets Antiochus near Alexandria, and promptly orders him to withdraw from Egypt.
* Read Polybius' account @ #Austin_165'R4-11, 'V6-13; Daniel_11'29-30; ~Polyb_29.27'1-13;* Cic:Phil_8'23; Diod_31.2'1-2; +Liv_45.12'3-8, 23'12; Vell_1.10'1-2; ValMax_6.4'3;L Plin:HN_34'24;L Plut:Mor_202'E-203'A; Appian:Syr_66'b; Just_34.3'1-4; Trog:Prol_34; Porph:Fr_50; !Hieron:Chron_1845; Zonar_9.25'a-b; {CAH_8'344; OCD_p.} |
| 40 | << Antiochus carries back a large quantity of loot from his invasions of Egypt.
* Read Polybius' account @ Polyb_30.26'9;* Porph:Fr_49. |
| 41 | MAC Paullus receives Perseus at the Roman camp.
* Read Livy's account @ ~Polyb_29.20'1-21'9; Cic:Tusc_5'118;L Diod_30.23'1-2; +Liv_45.7'1-9'1;* ValMax_5.1'8;L +Plut:Aem_26'8-27'6; Flor_1.28'10-11;L DioCass_fr.66'4; +Eutrop_4.7'2; +Zonar_9.23'j. |
| 42 | ROM Rhodian envoys, led by Agepolis, address the senate, and are accused of supporting Perseus.
* Read Polybius' account @ ~Polyb_29.19'1-11;* Diod_30.24'1; +Liv_45.3'1-4'1, 23'11-12; Gell_6.3'2-3; {CAH_8'337.} |
| 43 | {11 October -R = 28 July} A thanksgiving is held for Paullus' victory.
@ #Liv_45.2'12. |
| 44 | {29 October -R = 15 August} A thanksgiving is held for Anicius' victory.
@ #Liv_45.3'2. |
| 45 | EGY {30 Epeiph -E = August} Document: PLond_42, a letter from Isias to Hephaestion.
@ Bagnall_144. |
| 46 | {Epeiph -E = August} Document: Austin_165, a statement by Hor claiming that he foretold the retreat of Antiochus from Egypt. |
| 47 | PAL Antiochus captures Jerusalem, and massacres the inhabitants.
* Read 2Maccabees' account @ ~2Macc_5'11-21;* 4Macc_4'21-23; Joseph:BJ_1'19, '32-33, 5'394, 6'436, :AJ_12'248-250; ChronPasc_377'B, 464'B, 509'B; Hieron:Chron_1857, 2088; Sulpit_2.19'b; Malal_206; ExcBarb_35B; ChronSynt_65'b, 67'c; Suda_A'2693; {CAH_8'534; Green_513.} |
| 48 | CIS The consul Licinius takes charge of an army in Cisalpine Gaul, but remains inactive.
@ +Liv_45.12'9-13. |
| 49 | MAC Paullus punishes deserters by throwing them under his elephants.
@ ValMax_2.7'14.L |
| 50 | Paullus rewards Q.Tubero with some silver from the Macedonian spoils.
* Read Plutarch's account @ ValMax_4.3'7;L Sen:Ep_95'72-73, 98'13, 104'21, 120'19; Plin:HN_33'142;L ~Plut:Aem_28'10-13,* :Mor_198'C; {Plinius has confused Q.Aelius Tubero with Sex.Aelius Paetus.} |
| 51 | ASI The Galatians attack Eumenes.
* Read Polybius' account @ ~Polyb_29.22'1-4;* Diod_31.12'1-13'1; Liv_45.19'3, 20'1; {CAH_8'333.} |
| 52 | ROM Embassies from Antiochus, Ptolemaeus, Eumenes and Masinissa, and from Pisa and Luna, appear before the senate.
* Read Livy's account @ Polyb_30.16'2; +Liv_45.13'1-14'9;* ValMax_5.1'1.L |
| 53 | PON Prusias of Bithynia calls himself a freedman of Rome.
* Read Polybius' account @ Polyb_30.18'3-4;* Diod_31.15'2; Liv_45.44'19; Plut:Mor_336'E; Appian:Mith_2'a-b; DioCass_fr.69'1; {Appianus states that this was after the capture of Perseus, though Walbank (p441) suggests it may have been in 172 B.C., before the start of the war.} |
| 54 | ILL Anicius subdues Illyria and Epirus, and organizes their administration.
* Read Livy's account @ (?) Cato:Orig_5'4; Diod_31.8'2-3, '5; ~Liv_45.26'1-15;* {Walbank_p431.} |
| 55 | AEG Deinon and Polyaratus, the most outspoken supporters of Perseus at Rhodes, are brought to Rome.
@ Polyb_30.6'1-9'21; {Not long after Popilius' mission to Egypt.} |
| 56 | EGY The Egyptians set free Menalcidas of Lacedaemon, at the request of Popillius.
@ Polyb_30.16'1-2; {Walbank_p439.} |
| 57 | GRE Paullus tours the Greek cities.
* Read Livy's account @ CIL_622<t=L ROL_p78>; Polyb_30.10'1-6; ~Liv_45.27'1-28'6;* ~Plut:Aem_28'1-5; {Walbank_p431.} |
| 58 | ROM ?? Caecilius' cognomen "Statius" indicates that he was originally a slave.
@ Gell_4.20'13. |
| 59 | == The death of the dramatist Caecilius Statius.
@ !Hieron:Chron_1838; {OCD_c.} |
| 60 | == Crates of Mallus lectures at Rome.
@ Suet:Gram_2; {CAH_8'471; OCD_c |
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