1
| ITA Octavianus quells a mutiny at Brundisium and allocates land in Italy to the veterans.
* Read Dio's account
@
Aug:ResGest_16;
Plut:Ant_73'6;
Tac:Ann_1'42;
Suet:Aug_17'3;
+DioCass_51.4'3-5'1;*
+Oros_6.19'14;
{ CAH_10'62.}
|
---|
2
| ASI Octavianus sails back to Greece.
* Read Dio's account
@
Suet:Aug_17'3,
26'3;
+DioCass_51.5'1-2;*
+Oros_6.19'14.
|
---|
3
| EPI Octavianus constructs monuments to Apollo and Neptune at Actium.
* Read Dio's account
@
CIL_add.10;
Prop_4.6'67;
Strab_7'325;(7.6)
SelPap_3.113;
Tac:Ann_2'53;
Suet:Aug_18'2;
DioCass_51.1'2-3;*
{ The formal inauguration of the monuments took place in 29 B.C.}
|
---|
4
| Octavianus founds the city of Nicopolis, near Actium.
* Read Strabo's account
@
Strab_7'324,(7.5)
'325,* (7.6)
10'450;(2.2)
AnthPal_9.553<q"
Philippus>;
Plin:HN_4'5;
Joseph:BJ_1'425,
:AJ_16'147;
Suet:Aug_18'2;
Paus_5.23'3,
7.18'8-9,
10.38'4;
DioCass_51.1'3,
+18'1;
+Cassiod:Chr_724;
{ OCD³.}
|
---|
5
| GRE Octavianus settles veterans at Patrae.
@
Strab_8'387.(7.5)
|
---|
6
| AEG << Turullius, one of the assassins of Julius Caesar, is put to death in Cos.
* Read Dio's account
@
ValMax_1.1'19;
+DioCass_51.8'2-3;*
Lactant:Inst_2.7'17.(8)
|
---|
7
| ASI Octavianus punishes Ephesus for its support of Antonius.
@
Strab_14'641.(1.23)
|
---|
8
| EGY << Antonius and Cleopatra continue to hold extravagant parties at Alexandria.
@
~Plut:Ant_71'2-8,
73'5.
|
---|
9
| << Artavasdes, king of Armenia, is executed, by order of Cleopatra.
* Read Dio's account
@
Strab_11'532;(14.15)
Tac:Ann_2'3;
+DioCass_51.5'4-6'3;*
{ CAH_10'61; OCD³=31.}
|
---|
10
| Antonius and Cleopatra send envoys to Octavianus.
* Read Dio's account
@
Plut:Ant_74'2-3;
Suet:Aug_17'4;
+DioCass_51.6'4-6,
8'1-7;*
{ CAH_10'62.}
|
---|
11
| PAL Hyrcanus is put to death by Herodes.
* Read Josephus' account
@
Joseph:BJ_1'433-434,
'437,
:AJ_15'161-178,*
'222;
Hieron:Chron_2009;
Movses_2'24;
{ Smallwood_p68.}
|
---|
12
| ++ General comments on the mild character of Hyrcanus.
@
Joseph:AJ_15'179-182.
|
---|
13
| SYR Q.Didius prevents a group of gladiators from joining Antonius.
* Read Dio's account
@
Joseph:BJ_1'392,
:AJ_15'195;
+DioCass_51.7'1-7;*
{ CAH_10'61.}
|
---|
14
| AEG Herodes meets Octavianus in Rhodes, and is forgiven for his previous support of Antonius.
* Read Josephus' account
@
Strab_16'765;(2.46)
Joseph:BJ_1'386-393,
'399,
:AJ_15'183-198;*
Movses_2'25;
{ CAH_10'61, '155; Smallwood_p68-69.}
|
---|
15
| PAL Herodes receives Octavianus and his army at Ptolemais.
@
Joseph:BJ_1'394-395,
:AJ_15'198-201.
|
---|
16
| EGY Antonius unsuccessfully attacks Gallus at Paraetonium.
@
+DioCass_51.9'1-4;
+Oros_6.19'15.
|
---|
17
| Octavianus captures Pelusium.
* Read Dio's account
@
Prop_3.9'55;
Plut:Ant_74'1;
+DioCass_51.9'5-10'1;*
+Oros_6.19'14.
|
---|
18
| {31 July} Octavianus defeats Antonius near Alexandria.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
Strab_17'795;(1.10)
ValMax_3.8'8;
Plut:Ant_74'4-76'3;*
+DioCass_51.10'1-4;
+Oros_6.19'16;
{ CAH_10'63.}
|
---|
19
| {1 August} Octavianus enters Alexandria.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
#EhrJon:Fast_Aug1;
Prop_2.1'30;
Hor:Od_4.14'34-38;
[Liv]:Per_133;
Joseph:Ap_2'60;
Plut:Ant_80'1-5,*
:Mor_207'A-B,
814'D;
Julian:Ep_47.433'D;
+Oros_6.19'19;
{ Hölbl_p248; Syme_p298.}
|
---|
20
| {1 August} Antonius commits suicide.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
Prop_3.9'56;
[Liv]:Per_133;
Sen:Ben_6.3'1;
Plut:Ant_76'4-77'7,*
93'4;
Suet:Aug_17'4;
+DioCass_51.10'5-9;
[Vict]:VirIll_85'5;
+Oros_6.19'17;
+Cassiod:Chr_724;
{ CAH_10'63.}
|
---|
20a
| {1 August} The death of Imhotep-Pedubast, the high priest of Memphis.
@
AET_4.23;
{ Bennett, Imhotep-Pedubast.}
|
---|
21
| ?? According to some later writers, Cleopatra built the Pharos at Alexandria.
@
ExcBarb_36B;
Malal_218;
ChronPasc_472'A.
|
---|
22
| ++ Dioscurides Phacas, a doctor and writer on medicine, is an associate of Cleopatra.
@
Suda_D'1206.
|
---|
23
| << Tyrannion, a grammarian, is captured by Octavianus.
@
Suda_T'1185.
|
---|
24
| Octavianus visits Cleopatra, but is impervious to her charms.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
Liv_fr'54;L
AnthPal_7'645<q"
Crinagoras>;
Plut:Ant_78'1-79'6,*
82'1-83'7;
Flor_2.21'9;
Aelian:Fr_57;
+DioCass_51.11'1-13'3.
|
---|
25
| {10 August} Cleopatra commits suicide, probably by the poisonous bite of an asp.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
Prop_3.11'53-56;
Hor:Od_1.37'21-32;
Verg:Aen_8'697;
Strab_17'795;(1.10)
Plut:Ant_84'1-86'9;*
Suet:Aug_17'4;
Flor_2.21'10-11;
Galen_14'235;
Aelian:NA_9'11,
'61;
+DioCass_51.13'4-15'1;
[Vict]:VirIll_86'3;
+Oros_6.19'18;
Malal_220;
{ CAH_10'63-65.}
|
---|
26
| ++ General comments on the ambitious but flawed characters of Antonius and Cleopatra.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
[Liv]:Per_133;
Sen:Ben_5.16'6,
:Ep_83'25;
Tac:Ann_1'9;
Plut:Ant_88'1-93'2,*
:Mor_56'E,(12)
319'F;
Lucian:Apol_5;
Aelian:Fr_55-58,
107;
Suda_B'109<q"
Aelian:Fr_66>;
+DioCass_51.15'2-4.
|
---|
27
| ?? The Egyptian kings send expeditions to explore remote territories.
@
Strab_2'118,(5.12)
16'770;(4.6)
Diod_3.39'4,
43'5;
{ see also the elephant hunting expeditions of Ptolemy II, recorded under 246 B.C.}
|
---|
28
| ?? The Egyptian kings keep unusual animals.
@
Aelian:NA_6'10,
11'33;
{ see also the separate entries for the first three kings, in 282, 246 and 221 B.C.}
|
---|
29
| The death of Cleopatra marks the end of the Ptolemaic dynasty.
@
Trog:Prol_40;
[Euseb]:Chron_69-71,(↓)
169,
171;
Hieron:Chron_1985;
ExcBarb_36B,
46B;
Malal_197;
ChronPasc_473'A;
ChronSynt_91,(↓)
100.
|
---|
30
| In Egypt, the reign of Augustus starts after the death of Cleopatra.
@
SelPap_1.3'34,
41'6,
105'15;
Philo:Leg_148;
AstrCan_4;
Euseb:HistEc_1.5'2;
Eutrop_7.8'1;
ChronPasc_465'C,
473'A.
|
---|
31
| Octavianus re-arranges the household of Antonius; Caesarion and Antyllus are killed.
* Read Plutarch's account
@
Vell_2.100'4;
Plut:Ant_81'1-82'1,*
87'1-2;
Suet:Aug_17'5;
+DioCass_51.15'5-7;
+Oros_6.19'20;
{ CAH_10'64; Hölbl_p248.}
|
---|
32
| ROM {13 September} M.Cicero junior, as consul in Rome, receives the official news of the death of Antonius.
* Read Appian's account
@
Sen:Ben_4.30'2;
#Plin:HN_22'13;L
Plut:Cic_49'4;
Appian:BCiv_4'51;*
+DioCass_51.19'1-7.
|
---|
33
| PAL Herodes starts to have acrimonious quarrels with his wife Mariamme.
@
~Joseph:AJ_15'202-221.
|
---|
33a
| EGY {19 Thoth -E = September} The goddess Hathor officially enters her new temple at Dendera.
@
+AET_8.14.
|
---|
34
| Egypt is established as a Roman province, with Cornelius Gallus as its praefect.
* Read Velleius' account
@
Aug:ResGest_27;
Strab_17'797;(1.12)
Vell_2.39'2;*
Tac:Hist_1'11,
:Ann_12'60;
Justin:Dig_1.17'1<q"
Ulpian>;
Festus:Brev_13'3;
[Vict]:Epit_1'4-6;
Eutrop_7.7'1;
AmmMarc_22.16'6,
'24;
Hieron:Chron_1985;
Macrob:Sat_1.12'35;L
Malal_224;
{ CAH_10'74; Hölbl_p250.}
|
---|
35
| Other arrangements made by Octavianus while staying in Alexandria.
* Read Dio's account
@
Strab_17'795;(1.10)
Plin:HN_35'131;
Suet:Aug_18'1-2;
+DioCass_51.16'1-18'1.*
|
---|
36
| EXT Pharnavaz (Bartom), king of the Iberians, is killed in a battle against Mirvan.
@
ChronGeorg_4;(↓)
{ Traditional date, according to C.Toumanoff.}
|
---|
37
| EGY Herodes meets Octavianus in Egypt.
@
Joseph:BJ_1'396-397,
:AJ_15'215-218;
{ CAH_10'155; Smallwood_p70.}
|
---|
38
| Octavianus restores statues and other treasures that have been removed from temples by Antonius.
* Read Augustus' account
@
Aug:ResGest_24;*
Strab_13'595,(1.30)
14'637;(1.14)
Plin:HN_34'58.
|
---|
39
| Document: SelPap_2.327, a sworn declaration of temple lamplighters at Oxyrhynchus.
|
---|
40
| SYR {9 Apellaeus -M} Document: SEG_54.1625.D, the fourth letter of Octavianus concerning Seleucus of Rhosus.
|
---|
41
| Octavianus reorganises the provinces and kingdoms in the east.
* Read Dio's account
@
Aug:ResGest_27;
Strab_12'547,(3.14)
'574-575,(8.9)
'578;(8.16)
Appian:Mith_121;
DioCass_51.2'1-3;*
Malal_221-223;
{ Syme_p300.}
|
---|
42
| Artavasdes of Media Atropatene takes refuge with Octavianus.
@
Aug:ResGest_32;
+DioCass_51.16'2;
{ OCD³.}
|
---|
43
| Octavianus negotiates an agreement with Phraates of Parthia.
@
+DioCass_51.18'1-3.
|
---|
44
| ASI >> Octavianus spends the winter in Asia.
@
+Oros_6.19'21.
|
---|
45
| GRE << The death of Cassius Parmensis, the last surviving member of the conspiracy against Julius Caesar.
* Read Velleius' account
@
+Vell_2.87'3;*
ValMax_1.7'7;
Oros_6.19'20;
{ CAH_10'64.}
|
---|
45a
| AEG << The tomb of Nicias of Cos is desecrated.
@
(?)
SEG_8.13;
Strab_14.658;(2.19)
Crinag_9.81;
{ Probably soon after the battle of Actium - Nicias had been associated with Antonius.}
|
---|
46
| ROM The son of M.Lepidus is accused of treason, and put to death.
* Read Velleius' account
@
[Liv]:Per_133;
~Vell_2.88'1-3;*
Appian:BCiv_4'50;
{ CAH_10'62; OCD³.}
|
---|
47
| Document: Verg:Georg_, the Georgics of Vergilius.
@
[Suet]:Verg_22,
25;
{ Vergilius read the completed poem to Octavianus in 29 B.C.}
|
---|
48
| << Document: Hor:Epod_, the Epodes of Horatius.
{ CAH_10'996; OCD³.}
|
---|
49
| Document: Hor:Sat_2.1-8, the second book of Horatius' Satires.
{ OCD³.}
|
---|
50
| ++ The impoverished old age of the grammarian Valerius Cato.
@
Suet:Gram_4,
11;
{ Valerius Cato was probably born between 100 and 90 B.C.}
|
---|
51
| ?? Seneca the Elder and Latro are students of the rhetorician Marullus.
@
Seneca:Contr_1.pr'22,L
'24;L
{ Seneca was probably born in about 55 B.C.}
|
---|
52
| SIC ?? Document: Diod_, the Historical Library of Diodorus Siculus.
@
Diod_1.4'1;
Suda_D'1151;
{ CAH_10'885; OCD³.}
|
---|
53
| ASI ?? Document: THI_205.B-G, a monument at Cnidus in honour of Theopompus, Artemidorus and their family.
|
---|