57 B.C. Olympiad 180.4Click on the links in the lists of references to go to the sources for each event
| 1 | ROM {1 January -R} L.Cotta urges the senate to recall Cicero, but the motion is blocked by the tribune Atilius Serranus.
* Read Cicero's account @ Cic:Fam_5.4'2, #:RedSen_5, #:RedPop_11-12, #:Dom_68, 84, :Att_4.2'4, #:Sest_72-74,* :Pis_34, :Leg_3'45;L Ascon_11'b;L {CAH_9'387.} |
|---|---|
| 2 | MAC {January -R} Document: Cic:Att_3.26 & Cic:Fam_5.4, letters from Cicero at Dyrrachium to Atticus and to Metellus Nepos. |
| 3 | ROM {23 January -R} Q.Fabricius proposes a bill for Cicero's recall, but Clodius dispels the assembly by violence; Q.Cicero is wounded in the fighting.
* Read Cicero's account @ Cic:RedSen_22, #:Sest_75-78,* :Mil_38; +Plut:Cic_33'3; +DioCass_39.6'1-7'3; {CAH_9'387.} |
| 4 | The tribune P.Sestius attempts to announce adverse auspices, but is wounded by Clodius' supporters.
* Read Cicero's account @ +Cic:RedSen_6-7, 30, :RedPop_14, :Sest_79-83,* 85; {OCD_s.} |
| 5 | MAC {February -R} Document: Cic:Att_3.27, a short letter from Cicero to Atticus. |
| 6 | %ROM T.Milo attempts to prosecute Clodius, but is obstructed by Metellus Nepos.
* Read Dio's account @ +Cic:RedSen_19, :Mil_38, 40; +Plut:Cic_33'3; +DioCass_39.7'4.* |
| 7 | Milo organises a band of armed supporters, and engages in street fighting with Clodius.
* Read Cicero's account @ +Cic:RedSen_19, :Sest_85-87;* :Mil_38, :Off_2'58;L Appian:BCiv_2.16'a; +DioCass_39.8'1; {OCD_m.} |
| 8 | Sestius gathers his own band of armed supporters.
* Read Cicero's account @ +Cic:RedSen_20, :Sest_84-85.* |
| 9 | GAL The Belgae form a coalition, in opposition to the Romans.
* Read Caesar's account @ +Caes:BGall_2.1'1-5'3;* Plut:Caes_20'4; +DioCass_39.1'1-3; Oros_6.7'11-15;L {CAH_9'387.} |
| 10 | CYP << Ptolemaeus, king of Cyprus, commits suicide and Cato takes over the island without resistance.
* Read Dio's account @ Strab_14.684'e;(6.6) Vell_2.36'6, 45'5; ValMax_9.4e'1;L Plut:CatMin_35'2-3, 36'1, :Brut_3'2; Flor_1.44'4-5;L Appian:BCiv_2.23'b; DioCass_39.22'2-3;* Festus:Brev_13'1; AmmMarc_14.8'15.L |
| 11 | ROM Ptolemaeus Auletes comes to Rome, in order to seek support for his restoration as king of Egypt.
* Read Livy's account @ [Liv]:Per_104'c;* [Euseb]:Chron_167'b; ChronPasc_456'A; {Holbl_p227.} |
| 12 | GAL Caesar relieves Bibrax, a town belonging to the Remi.
@ +Caes:BGall_2.5'4-7'3. |
| 13 | CAP Ariobarzanes persuades Gabinius, the new governor of Syria, to undertake a military expedition.
@ Cic:ProvCon_9. |
| 14 | ROM The senate meets in Marius' temple of Virtue, and passes a decree instructing provincial governors to protect Cicero.
* Read Cicero's account @ +Cic:Sest_116-123, 128, :Pis_34, :Planc_78,* :Div_1'59;L ValMax_1.7'5.L |
| 15 | GAL Caesar defeats the Belgae by the river Axona.
* Read Caesar's account @ +Caes:BGall_2.8'1-11'6;* Plut:Caes_20'5; Appian:Gall_1'10;(Epit.4) +DioCass_39.1'3-2'2. |
| 16 | The Suessiones, Bellovaci and other tribes surrender to Caesar.
* Read Caesar's account @ +Caes:BGall_2.12'1-15'2;* [Liv]:Per_104'b; +DioCass_39.2'2. |
| 17 | MAC Piso secretly orders the death of Plator of Orestis.
* Read Cicero's account @ Cic:HarResp_35, ~:Pis_83-84.* |
| 18 | PAL Gabinius suppresses a revolt by Alexander, the son of Aristobulus; Marcus Antonius displays outstanding bravery during the fighting.
* Read Josephus' account @ (?) Cic:Sest_71, :ProvCon_15; Joseph:BJ_1'160-166,* '244, '281-282, :AJ_14'82-88, '326; Plut:Ant_3'1-3; {CAH_9'395.} |
| 19 | ROM {July -R} The praetor L.Caecilius is attacked at the Ludi Apollinares, in a protest about corn shortages.
@ Ascon_48'b-c;L {CAH_9'389.} |
| 20 | The senate meets in the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, and summons citizens from throughout Italy to vote on a motion for the recall of Cicero.
* Read Cicero's account @ +Cic:RedSen_24-27,* :RedPop_15-16, :Dom_14-15, :Sest_128-130, :ProvCon_22, :Pis_34-35, :Leg_3'45;L +DioCass_39.8'2. |
| 21 | Pompeius supports the campaign for Cicero's recall.
* Read Cicero's account @ +Cic:RedSen_29,* :RedPop_16, :Dom_30, 69, :Pis_34, :Mil_39; +Plut:Cic_33'3. |
| 23 | PER << Phraates, king of Parthia, is murdered by his sons.
@ DioCass_39.56'2; {~CAH_9'396; OCD_arsacids.} |
| 24 | ROM {4 August -R} The citizens meet in a centuriate assembly, and vote in favour of Cicero's recall.
* Read Cicero's account @ +Cic:RedSen_27-28, :RedPop_16-17, #:Att_4.1'4, :Dom_4-5, 75, 90, :Pis_35-36;* [Liv]:Per_104'a; Vell_2.45'3; Ascon_3'c;L +Plut:Cic_33'4; ~Appian:BCiv_2.16'a; +DioCass_39.8'2-3; [Vict]:VirIll_81'4;L {CAH_9'389; OCD_c.} |
| 25 | ITA {5 August -R} Cicero arrives at Brundisium.
* Read Cicero's account @ #Cic:Att_4.1'4,* #:Sest_131. |
| 26 | ROM Cn.Plancius is elected tribune.
@ Cic:Planc_26. |
| 27 | GAL The Nervii make a surprise attack on Caesar's army, but they are defeated with heavy losses.
* Read Caesar's account @ +Caes:BGall_2.15'3-28'3;* [Liv]:Per_104'b; ValMax_3.2'19;L Plut:Caes_20'6-10; Flor_1.45'4;L Appian:Gall_1'11;(Epit.4) +DioCass_39.3'1-2; Oros_6.7'16;L {CAH_9'388.} |
| 28 | PAL Alexander surrenders to Gabinius, who re-organises the government of Judaea.
* Read Josephus' account @ ~Joseph:BJ_1'167-170, 7'171; :AJ_14'89-91;* |
| 29 | ROM {4 September -R} Cicero receives an enthusiastic welcome on his return to Rome.
* Read Cicero's account @ #Cic:Att_4.1'4-5;* :Dom_75-76, :Sest_131, :Pis_51-52; Vell_2.45'3; +Plut:Cic_33'5; Appian:BCiv_2.16'a-b; +DioCass_39.9'1; ChronPasc_456'A; {OCD_c.} |
| 30 | ROM {5 September -R} Document: Cic:RedSen & Cic:RedPop, Cicero's speeches of thanks to the Roman senate and people.
* Read Cicero's account @ #Cic:Att_4.1'5,* :Planc_74; +DioCass_39.9'1. |
| 31 | {7 September -R} The senate appoints Pompeius to be commissioner for the grain supply, at the proposal of Cicero.
* Read Cicero's account @ #Cic:Att_4.1'6-7, :Dom_3-31;* [Liv]:Per_104'b; Plut:Pomp_49'6-9; Appian:BCiv_2.18'b-c; +DioCass_39.9'2-3, 54.1'3; {CAH_9'389-390; OCD_p.} |
| 32 | Document: Cic:Att_4.1, a letter from Cicero to Atticus, describing his triumphant return to Rome. |
| 33 | {29 September -R} Document: Cic:Dom, Cicero's speech against Clodius, in defence of his right to rebuild his house at Rome.
* Read Cicero's account @ #Cic:Att_4.2'2-4;* Cic:HarResp_12-13; Vell_2.45'3; Ascon_13'c-14'a;L Plut:Cic_33'4; Appian:BCiv_2.16'b; +DioCass_39.11'1-3; {OCD_c.} |
| 34 | GAL Caesar attacks the Atuatuci, and forces them to surrender.
* Read Caesar's account @ +Caes:BGall_2.29'1-33'7,* 5.27'2; +DioCass_39.4'1-4. |
| 35 | The Veneti and other tribes surrender to P.Crassus.
* Read Caesar's account @ +Caes:BGall_2.34'1;* Plut:Caes_20'6; {CAH_9'388.} |
| 36 | ROM {October -R} Document: Cic:Att_4.2, a letter from Cicero to Atticus, describing plans for the rebuilding of his property. |
| 37 | Dion, the leader of a delegation from Alexandria, is murdered, allegedly at the instigation of Ptolemaeus.
* Read Cicero's account @ Cic:HarResp_34, :Cael_18, 23-24,* 51-55; {CAH_9'392<56?>; Holbl_p228.} |
| 37a | EGY ++ Topsius of Alexandria, the brother of Dion, is a famous wrestler.
@ Suda_T'850. |
| 38 | << Document: BGU_1762, a report of a disturbance, and complaints against Hermaiscus.
@ Bagnall_52; {During the joint reign of Cleopatra and Berenice.} |
| 39 | The death of Cleopatra, the mother of Berenice.
@ [Euseb]:Chron_167'b; {Holbl_p227.} |
| 40 | SYR Antiochus is summoned to be the consort of Berenice, but dies before reaching Egypt.
@ [Euseb]:Chron_261'c-d; {~Holbl_p227.} |
| 41 | Gabinius prevents Philippus from going to Egypt; regarded by some as the end of the Seleucid dynasty.
@ [Euseb]:Chron_261'd, 263'b; Hieron:Chron_1924. |
| 42 | ROM Clodius stands as a candidate to be aedile for the following year.
@ +DioCass_39.7'3. |
| 43 | {23 November -R} Document: Cic:Att_4.3, describing violent attacks by Clodius on Cicero and his workmen, and retaliation by Milo. |
| 44 | GAL Caesar establishes his army's winter quarters amongst the tribes of Gaul.
* Read Caesar's account @ +Caes:BGall_2.35'1-3;* +DioCass_39.5'1. |
| 45 | Caesar appoints Cavarinus as king of the Senones, and Tasgetius as king of the Carnutes.
* Read Caesar's account @ ~Caes:BGall_5.25'2-3,* 54'2. |
| 46 | ROM The senate decrees a public thanksgiving of fifteen days for Caesar's victories in Gaul.
* Read Plutarch's account @ +Caes:BGall_2.34'4; Plut:Caes_21'1-2;* +DioCass_39.5'1. |
| 47 | ILL Caesar visits Illyricum.
@ ~Caes:BGall_3.7'1, |
| 48 | ALP Ser.Galba is driven out of the Alps by the Veragri.
* Read Caesar's account @ ~Caes:BGall_3.1'1-6'5,* 8.50'4; +DioCass_39.5'2-4; Oros_6.8'1-5.L |
| 49 | ROM Document: Cic:QFr_2.1, a letter from Cicero to his brother Quintus, describing a meeting of the senate. |
| 50 | Document: Cic:Fam_5.17, a letter from Cicero to P.Sittius. |
| 51 | == Cornelius Spinther changes his gens in order to become an augur.
@ +DioCass_39.17'1-2. |
| 52 | == The floruit of the orator M.Calidius.
@ +Hieron:Chron_1960. |
| 53 | == The consul Lentulus, named Spinther after his resemblance to an actor, displays vases and other works of art.
@ ValMax_9.14'4;L Plin:HN_7'54,L 34'44,L 36'59.L |
| 54 | == Ptolemaeus borrows money from Rabirius Postumus, during his stay at Rome.
@ Cic:RabPost_4-12; {Holbl_p228.} |
| 55 | CYP == Cato scrupulously collects the wealth of Cyprus, in order to remove it to Rome.
* Read Plutarch's account @ Cic:Dom_23; ValMax_4.3'2;L Lucan_3'164; Plut:CatMin_36'2-38'4,* :Brut_3'1-4; DioCass_39.22'2-4. |
| 56 | == Cato sells poison, while disposing of the assets of the kingdom of Cyprus.
@ Seneca:Contr_6'4; Plin:HN_29'96.L |
| 57 | MAC == Piso, as proconsul, plunders the province of Macedonia, and loses part of his army.
* Read Cicero's account @ Cic:Sest_71, :Pis_38-48,* 53, 84-88; Ascon_12'a;L {MRR_2'138-139.} |
| 58 | PAL << Joseph, the father of Jesus, marries his first wife.
@ HistJos_14-15; {According to this account, Joseph was 40 years old when he married for the first time.} |
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