58 B.C. Olympiad 180.3Click on the links in the lists of references to go to the sources for each event
| 1 | ROM {1 January -R} Sex.Cloelius holds the Ludi Compitalicii, even though they are still officially banned.
* Read Cicero's account @ Cic:RedSen_17,* #:Pis_8; #Ascon_7'b-c;L {CAH_9'378.} |
|---|---|
| 2 | P.Clodius passes a law to provide the corn dole at Rome completely free of charge.
* Read Dio's account @ +Cic:Dom_25, :Sest_55; +Ascon_8'b;L +DioCass_38.13'1;* {CAH_9'377-378; OCD_c.} |
| 3 | P.Clodius restores the right to belong to guilds.
* Read Cicero's account @ +Cic:Sest_34, 55, +:Pis_9-10;* Ascon_7'b,L +8'c;L +DioCass_38.13'2. |
| 4 | Clodius restricts the ability of the censors to punish senators.
* Read Dio's account @ Cic:HarResp_58, +:Sest_55, +:Pis_9-10; +Ascon_8'c-9'a;L +DioCass_38.13'2,* 40.57'2. |
| 5 | {January -R} Clodius prohibits the use of "watching the sky" to obstruct legislation, as allowed by the Lex Aelia Fufia.
* Read Dio's account @ Cic:RedSen_11, :HarResp_58, +:Sest_33, 56, :Vat_18, #:Pis_9-10; +Ascon_8'b-c;L +DioCass_38.13'3-6.* |
| 6 | {January -R} Clodius forms an armed gang of slaves, and occupies the temple of Castor.
* Read Cicero's account @ Cic:Dom_54, 110, +:Sest_34, +:Pis_11;* +Plut:Cic_30'1. |
| 7 | M.Antonius joins the supporters of Clodius.
* Read Plutarch's account @ Cic:Phil_2'48; Plut:Ant_2'6-7.* |
| 8 | Pupius Piso invites Clodius to dinner.
@ Plut:Mor_511'D-E; {Probably to celebrate Clodius becoming tribune.} |
| 9 | Clodius mollifies the opposition of the tribune L.Ninnius.
* Read Dio's account @ (?) Plut:Cic_30'3; +DioCass_38.14'1-3;* {CAH_9'378.} |
| 10 | Domitius and Memmius attempt to prosecute Caesar for his activities as consul.
* Read Suetonius' account @ Suet:Caes_23'1,* :Ner_2'2; {CAH_9'378-379; OCD_d.} |
| 11 | {28 January -R} The birth of Livia, the future wife of Augustus.
* Read Dio's account @ EhrJon:Fast_Jan30; Plin:HN_14'60;L +DioCass_58.2'1;* {OCD_l.} |
| 12 | ITA L.Piso visits Capua, where he hold the office of duumvir.
* Read Cicero's account @ +Cic:Sest_19,* +:Pis_25; Ascon_10'a.L |
| 13 | ROM Clodius passes a law to give the consuls the provinces of Macedonia and Cilicia (later changed to Syria).
* Read Cicero's account @ ~Cic:RedSen_18, :RedPop_11, :Dom_23-24,* 55, 60, +:Sest_24-25, 55, +:Pis_28, 37; +Plut:Cic_30'1; [Vict]:VirIll_81'4;L {CAH_9'380; OCD_cl.} |
| 14 | Clodius proposes a law, to punish anyone who has taken the life of a Roman citizen without trial.
* Read Dio's account @ +Cic:Sest_25; [Liv]:Per_103'b; Vell_2.45'1; Appian:BCiv_2.15'a; +DioCass_38.14'4-7.* |
| 15 | Cicero, anticipating the use of Clodius' law against himself, approaches the people of Rome as a suppliant.
* Read Plutarch's account @ +Plut:Cic_30'4-5;* Appian:BCiv_2.15'a-b. |
| 16 | The equites and some of the senators demonstrate in support of Cicero, but Gabinius orders L.Lamia, one of the equites, to leave Rome.
* Read Cicero's account @ Cic:RedSen_12, :Dom_55-57, +:Sest_25-32,* +:Pis_18, 64, :Planc_87, :Fam_11.16'2, 12.29'1; Ascon_9'c;L +Plut:Cic_31'1, :Crass_13'4; +DioCass_38.16'2-3. |
| 17 | The consuls support Clodius against Cicero.
* Read Cicero's account @ Cic:RedSen_10, 13-17, +:Sest_17-24,* +:Pis_12-17, 77-78; ValMax_4.2'4;L +DioCass_38.16'4-6. |
| 18 | The triumvirs offer no practical help to Cicero.
* Read Cicero's account @ Cic:RedSen_32, +:Sest_36-41, :ProvCon_43, :Pis_76-81;* Vell_2.45'2; +Plut:Cic_30'4, 31'2-3, :Pomp_46'8-9; +DioCass_38.15'1-16'1, 17'1-3. |
| 19 | Vatinius escapes prosecution by accepting an offer to join Caesar's staff in Gaul.
@ Cic:Vat_33-36; {Vatinius was due to appear before the praetor C.Memmius.} |
| 20 | Clodius passes a law to turn Cyprus into a Roman province; M.Cato is sent to expel king Ptolemaeus from the island, and to restore some exiles to Byzantium.
* Read Plutarch's account @ Cic:Dom_20-23, 52-53, 65, +:Sest_56-64; Sall:Hist_1'6; [Liv]:Per_104'b; Strab_14.684'e;(6.6) Vell_2.45'4; ~Plut:CatMin_34'1-7;* Flor_1.44'1-3;L !Appian:BCiv_2.23'b; +DioCass_38.30'5; Festus:Brev_13'1; AmmMarc_14.8'15;L {CAH_9'384; OCD_cl.} |
| 21 | {March -R} Cicero leaves Rome and goes into exile, without waiting for a trial.
* Read Plutarch's account @ Cic:RedSen_33-34, :Dom_63-64, 95-99, :HarResp_45, :Vat_6-9, +:Pis_19-21, 31-33, :Planc_73, 86-90, :Mil_36-37, :Leg_3'25-26;L Vell_2.45'2; Plut:CatMin_35'1, +:Cic_31'4-5,* 53'1-2; Appian:BCiv_2.15'b; +DioCass_38.17'4-5, 45.17'3; +Obseq_68;L [Vict]:VirIll_81'4;L {CAH_9'381-383; OCD_c.} |
| 22 | Clodius passes another law, explicitly banishing Cicero.
* Read Cicero's account @ Cic:Dom_43-53,* 82-85, +:Sest_53-54, :Pis_72, :Leg_3'45;L Plut:CatMin_30'1, +:Cic_32'1; +DioCass_38.17'6-7. |
| 23 | Clodius seizes Cicero's possessions, and destroys his house in Rome.
* Read Cicero's account @ Cic:RedSen_18, :Dom_60-62, 101-141,* +:Sest_54, +:Pis_22-26, :Leg_2'42;L Vell_2.45'3; Ascon_10'b;L Sen:Ben_5.17'2; +Plut:Cic_33'1; Appian:BCiv_2.15'c; +DioCass_38.17'6, 39.11'1-2. |
| 24 | NAR {28 March -R} Caesar rushes to Gaul, on hearing that the Helvetii have fixed a date for their migration.
* Read Caesar's account @ #Caes:BGall_1.5'1-7'2;* [Liv]:Per_103'b; Plut:Caes_17'5, 18'1; Oros_6.7'4;L {CAH_9'383; OCD_h.} |
| 25 | The start of Caesar's conquest of Gaul.
* Read Caesar's account @ Caes:BCiv_1.7'7;* Vell_2.47'2; Lucan_1'283; Plut:Caes_15'5; Suet:Caes_25'1; Flor_2.13'81;L Appian:Gall_1'6;(Epit.2) DioCass_44.33'2; Eutrop_6.17'3; AmmMarc_15.12'6;L {Ancient writers say that Caesar's campaigns lasted for between 8 and 10 years.} |
| 26 | ETR Cicero has a dream foretelling his return, at Atina in Latium.
@ Cic:Div_1'59,L 2'136-141;L ValMax_1.7'5.L |
| 27 | SIC C.Vergilius warns Cicero not to cross to Sicily.
* Read Cicero's account @ Cic:Planc_95-96;* +Plut:Cic_32'2. |
| 28 | NAR {13 April -R} The Helvetii ask Caesar to allow them to migrate, but he refuses and fortifies a stretch of the river Rhine.
* Read Caesar's account @ #Caes:BGall_1.7'3-8'4;* Flor_1.45'2-3;L Appian:Gall_15'1-2;(13) +DioCass_38.31'1-4. |
| 29 | GAL The Helvetii invade the territory of the Aedui, while Caesar raises reinforcements in northern Italy.
* Read Caesar's account @ +Caes:BGall_1.9'1-11'6;* Polyaen_8.23'2. |
| 30 | ITA {April -R} Document: Cic:Att_3.1-7, letters written by Cicero during his journey down to Vibo, and then across southern Italy to Brundisium. |
| 31 | {29 April -R} Document: Cic:Fam_14.4, a letter from Cicero to his wife Terentia, written at Brundisium. |
| 32 | ROM M.Cotta prosecutes C.Carbo, who is found guilty of extortion as governor of Bithynia.
* Read Dio's account @ ValMax_5.4'4;L DioCass_36.40'4;* {MRR_2'131; Carbo was governor of Bithynia until 59 B.C.} |
| 33 | ITA C.Octavius dies while travelling home to Rome from Macedonia.
* Read Suetonius' account @ Cic:Phil_3'15; NicDam_126'3; Vell_2.59'2; Tac:Ann_1'9; Suet:Aug_4'1,* 8'1, 100'1; DioCass_45.1'1; {MRR_2'131.} |
| 34 | MAC {May -R} Cicero crosses over from Italy to Macedonia.
* Read Plutarch's account @ Cic:Planc_97; +Plut:Cic_32'3-5;* +DioCass_38.18'1-29'4. |
| 35 | GAL Caesar and Labienus defeat the Helvetii by the river Arar.
* Read Caesar's account @ +Caes:BGall_1.12'1-15'5;* Plut:Caes_18'2; Appian:Gall_1'8,(Epit.3) 15'3;(13) Polyaen_8.23'3; +DioCass_38.32'1-33'1. |
| 36 | Liscus accuses Dumnorix of trying to undermine the alliance between the Aedui and the Romans.
@ Caes:BGall_1.16'1-20'6. |
| 37 | MAC Cn.Plancius, as quaestor in Macedonia, welcomes and protects Cicero.
* Read Cicero's account @ Cic:RedSen_35, :Planc_28, 61, 71, 98-101;* Hieron:Chron_1956; {OCD_p.} |
| 38 | {29 May -R} Document: Cic:Att_3.8, a letter from Cicero to Atticus, written at Thessalonice. |
| 39 | ROM {1 June -R} L.Ninnius proposes a motion for Cicero's recall.
* Read Cicero's account @ Cic:RedSen_3-4, (?) :Dom_125, #:Sest_67-68;* +DioCass_38.30'3-4; {CAH_9'385.} |
| 40 | GAL Caesar defeats the Helvetii again, near Bibracte.
* Read Caesar's account @ Cic:ProvCon_33; +Caes:BGall_1.21'1-26'6;* [Liv]:Per_103'b; Plut:Caes_18'2-4; Appian:Gall_1'8;(Epit.3) +DioCass_38.33'2-5; Eutrop_6.17'2; Oros_6.7'5.L |
| 41 | Caesar allows the survivors of the Helvetii to return home.
* Read Caesar's account @ Caes:BGall_1.27'1-29'3,* 7.9'6; Strab_4.193'd;(3.3) Plut:Caes_18'5-6; Flor_1.45'3;L +DioCass_38.33'6; Julian:Caes_321'D.; Oros_6.7'4;L {OCD_h.} |
| 42 | MAC {June -R} Document: Cic:Att_3.9-11 & Cic:QFr_1.3, letters from Cicero to Atticus and to his brother Quintus. |
| 43 | GAL Diviciacus and the Aedui urge Caesar to make war on the German king Ariovistus.
* Read Caesar's account @ Caes:BGall_1.301'-33'5,* 6.12'6; [Liv]:Per_104'a; Plut:Caes_19'1-2; (?) Flor_1.45'10;L {OCD_ar.} |
| 44 | MAC {July/August -R} Document: Cic:Att_3.12-14 & Cic:QFr_1.4, further letters from Cicero to Atticus and to his brother Quintus. |
| 45 | ROM {11 August -R} Clodius is accused to plotting to murder Pompeius.
* Read Cicero's account @ Cic:Sest_69, +:Pis_28, :Mil_18-19,* 37; #Ascon_46'b-c.L |
| 46 | {16 August -R} Clodius turns against Pompeius, and prevents him from leaving his house.
* Read Plutarch's account @ Cic:Dom_66-67, :HarResp_58, +:Pis_27-30, :Mil_18; #Ascon_46'c-47'a;L +Plut:Cic_33'1-2, :Pomp_48'8-49'4;* +DioCass_38.30'2; {CAH_9'385; OCD_c.} |
| 47 | MAC {17-19 August -R} Document: Cic:Att_3.15-16, two letters from Cicero to Atticus. |
| 48 | GAL Ariovistus rejects Caesar's demands, and they prepare for war.
* Read Caesar's account @ +Caes:BGall_1.34'1-38'7;* Flor_1.45'11;L +DioCass_38.34'1-6. |
| 49 | Caesar quells a mutiny in his army, caused by fear of the Germans.
* Read Caesar's account @ +Caes:BGall_1.39'1-41'5;* [Liv]:Per_104'a; Frontin:Str_1.11'3, 4.5'11; Plut:Caes_19'3-5; Flor_1.45'12;L Appian:Gall_17'1;(15) +DioCass_38.35'1-47'2; Quint_3.8'19-21; Oros_6.7'6.L |
| 50 | EGY ?? Document: Bagnall_134, statutes of the "synodos" of Zeus Hypsistos. {This probably dates from the first part of the reign of Ptolemaeus Auletes.} |
| 51 | Ptolemaeus is forced out by an uprising at Alexandria, and his daughter Berenice becomes queen of Egypt.
* Read Dio's account @ Plut:Pomp_49'13-14; DioCass_39.12'1-2,* 13'1; [Euseb]:Chron_167'b, 261'c-d; ChronPasc_456'A; {OCD_p; Holbl_p226-227.} |
| 52 | ROM Clodius helps Tigranes, the son of king Tigranes, to escape from custody at the house of Flavius.
* Read Plutarch's account @ Ascon_47'b-c;L Plut:Pomp_48'10;* +DioCass_38.30'1; {CAH_9'385; OCD_c.} |
| 53 | Lentulus Spinther is elected consul for the following year, with the help of Caesar.
@ Caes:BCiv_1.22'4. |
| 54 | M.Scaurus gives extravagant displays, including leopards and a hippopotamus, while holding the office of aedile.
* Read Cicero's account @ Cic:Sest_116,* :Off_2'57;L ValMax_2.4'6;L Ascon_18'a,L 27'a;L Plin:HN_8'64,L '96,L 9'11,L 34'36,L 35'127,L 36'5-7,L '50,L '113-116;L {OCD_s; MRR_2'134.} |
| 55 | MAC {September -R} Document: Cic:Att_3.17-19, letters from Cicero to Atticus, written at Thessalonice. |
| 56 | GER Ariovistus agrees to meet Caesar, but their negotiations soon break down.
* Read Caesar's account @ +Caes:BGall_1.48'1-50'3;* Appian:Gall_17'1;(15) +DioCass_38.47'3-4. |
| 57 | After some delay, Ariovistus enters into a battle with Caesar, and is completely defeated.
* Read Caesar's account @ +Caes:BGall_1.48'1-54'1,* 4.16'7; [Liv]:Per_104'a; Frontin:Str_2.1'16, 6'3; Plut:Caes_19'6-12; Flor_1.45'12-13;L Appian:Gall_1'9;(Epit.3) Polyaen_8.23'4; ClemAl:Strom_1.15'g; +DioCass_38.47'4-50'5; Oros_6.7'6-10;L {CAH_9'385; OCD_a.} |
| 58 | AEG Ptolemaeus Auletes visits Cato at Rhodes.
@ Plut:CatMin_35'4-7; {Holbl_p226-227.} |
| 59 | GRE M.Antonius leaves Rome to study rhetoric in Greece.
@ Plut:Ant_2'7-8; {Before Gabinius went out to Syria.} |
| 60 | ROM {late September -R} Atticus receives a large inheritance from his uncle Q.Caecilius.
* Read Cicero's account @ +Cic:Att_3.20'1-2;* Nepos:Att_5'1-2; ValMax_7.8'5.L |
| 61 | CIS Caesar returns to Cisalpine Gaul.
* Read Caesar's account @ +Caes:BGall_1.54'2-3;* +Plut:Caes_20'1-3. |
| 62 | MAC {October -R} Document: Cic:Att_3.20-21 & Cic:Fam_14.2, letters from Cicero to Atticus and to his wife Terentia. |
| 63 | ROM {29 October -R} Eight tribunes, led by Ninnius, pass a motion in the senate for the recall of Cicero, but it is vetoed by L.Aelius.
* Read Cicero's account @ #Cic:Att_3.23'1-4,* :RedSen_4, 8; :Sest_69-70; {CAH_9'387.} |
| 64 | CIS Sestius attempts to win Caesar's support for Cicero's return.
@ Cic:Sest_71. |
| 65 | MAC {Nov./Dec. -R} Document: Cic:Att_3.22-25 & Cic:Fam_14.1-3, further letters from Cicero to Atticus and to his wife Terentia. |
| 66 | ROM == Clodius proposes that freedmen should be able to vote among the rural tribes.
* Read Plutarch's account @ (?) Plut:Cic_30'1;* Ascon_52'b.L |
| 67 | == Clodius is bribed to pass a law appointing Brogitarus priest of Magna Mater at Pessinus.
@ +Cic:Sest_56; {CAH_9'379; OCD_c.} |
| 68 | == The tribune Antistius attempts to prosecute Caesar, but is not allowed to proceed while Caesar is absent from Rome.
@ Suet:Caes_23'1; {MRR_2'134.} |
| 69 | == The consuls ban the worship of Serapis, Isis and other eastern gods in Rome.
@ +Tert:Apol_6'8; Arnob_2'73. |
| 70 | PON == C.Piso leaves the province of Pontus, where he is quaestor, to help his father-in-law Cicero.
* Read Cicero's account @ Cic:Fam_14.1'4, 3'3, :RedSen_38,* :RedPop_7, :Brut_272.L |
| 71 | SYR << Lentulus Marcellinus, as governor of Syria, fights against the Arabs.
@ Appian:Syr_51'a; {MRR_2'135; Lentulus was governor in 59 and 58 B.C.} |
| 72 | CIS == The poet Vergilius starts studying at a school in Cremona.
* Read St.Jerome's account @ [Suet]:Verg_6; +Hieron:Chron_1959.* |
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